WEBVTT 1 00:00:03.600 --> 00:00:04.110 Mariana Zorkina: Okay. 2 00:00:06.150 --> 00:00:14.940 Mariana Zorkina: Hello everyone and welcome to the second lecture on classical Chinese poetry and Japanese researchers resources by Professor live. 3 00:00:15.990 --> 00:00:30.480 Mariana Zorkina: Before we start, let me remind you, some of the rules of the event, first of all, since there are a lot of people and for security reasons we restricted the possibilities to turn on your video and microphones. 4 00:00:31.560 --> 00:00:40.230 Mariana Zorkina: We will turn the chat on after the lecture begins, and we will turn the videos and microphones on for the Q amp a session. 5 00:00:41.370 --> 00:00:51.870 Mariana Zorkina: In the end, you'll have a chance to ask questions, and you can do so either by raising your hand in the reaction or by typing your questions in the chat. 6 00:00:52.800 --> 00:01:04.770 Mariana Zorkina: Please be aware that we are recording this event, so if you do not want to appear in the media, you can type please read before your question in the chat and we will read it out for you. 7 00:01:06.090 --> 00:01:18.510 Mariana Zorkina: All of the recordings and materials are posted on the event page on our website so if you missed the first lecture you can access everything there, I will post, the link in the chat shortening. 8 00:01:19.950 --> 00:01:29.970 Mariana Zorkina: And these are all the all the ground rules, so this is all from me, and let me pass the floor to Professor in. 9 00:01:31.560 --> 00:01:35.490 Richard Lynn: Florida everybody and welcome again to the continuation. 10 00:01:36.060 --> 00:01:36.450 Of. 11 00:01:37.590 --> 00:01:40.500 Richard Lynn: This exposition on on someone. 12 00:01:41.820 --> 00:01:50.310 Richard Lynn: Who is often regarded as the last great classical Chinese poetry, but also a great advocate for modern by while literature. 13 00:01:53.340 --> 00:01:53.790 Richard Lynn: The. 14 00:01:54.840 --> 00:01:56.850 Richard Lynn: I stopped last time by. 15 00:01:57.990 --> 00:01:58.830 Richard Lynn: Introducing. 16 00:02:00.270 --> 00:02:01.470 Richard Lynn: Everyone to the. 17 00:02:02.820 --> 00:02:08.520 Richard Lynn: Where the Chinese legation one solution was the third member of delegation, the needs legation. 18 00:02:09.750 --> 00:02:17.760 Richard Lynn: counselor and he came to Japan and December 1877 with the whole. 19 00:02:20.370 --> 00:02:28.920 Richard Lynn: legation staff on a ship, the high on and which was more to in the Oklahoma harbor originally the. 20 00:02:30.600 --> 00:02:33.600 Richard Lynn: Chinese diplomats and they did bring. 21 00:02:35.670 --> 00:02:54.810 Richard Lynn: That, at least the first to the the ambassador and vice Ambassador brought their families with, and that was quite a crowd and they all lived on the ship and intended to do so and conduct business from there commuting into the downtown area Palace area centered Tokyo Tokyo. 22 00:02:55.950 --> 00:02:57.030 Richard Lynn: Using the new. 23 00:02:58.110 --> 00:03:04.440 Richard Lynn: rail link the railroad was already constructed in 1872 or three, I think. 24 00:03:05.550 --> 00:03:16.710 Richard Lynn: out to Yokohama but they discovered that this was quite inconvenient and wouldn't work so long was sent into the city to find a place for the embassy to live. 25 00:03:17.670 --> 00:03:37.200 Richard Lynn: Not only did they conduct business in the same place, but they also have lived there and they he found this place in the the you had yet it's on your end or Japanese get Chi so in the moon realm monks quarters, which was outside the main gate of the great. 26 00:03:39.600 --> 00:03:51.150 Richard Lynn: Pure land Buddhist temple zero georgie that song song so in June, he or she bought cool, which is on the harbor not very far in those days from the water. 27 00:03:57.810 --> 00:04:05.490 Richard Lynn: And these are photographs that are taken just about the same time that they were there, and the embassy was down at the end of this. 28 00:04:06.540 --> 00:04:09.180 Richard Lynn: Rule of trees sort of in this area. 29 00:04:11.700 --> 00:04:17.370 Richard Lynn: here's the main gate and they were here down here in this area. 30 00:04:20.250 --> 00:04:30.600 Richard Lynn: here's the trees and by 19 one when this schematic a topographic map was made the. 31 00:04:31.620 --> 00:04:40.170 Richard Lynn: landed already been sold off and they factory was there, but the graveyard that was attached to the the guy so Ian. 32 00:04:41.220 --> 00:04:44.460 Richard Lynn: is still present, and this is where they were. 33 00:04:46.170 --> 00:05:07.620 Richard Lynn: The Buddhism fell on hard times after the meiji restoration it had been patronized by the Tokugawa shogunate ritually for centuries, for the entire length of the total golden rule, but the meiji cut them off, so instead of having an immense income from land. 34 00:05:08.700 --> 00:05:17.400 Richard Lynn: leased out either to farming or to businesses or residential areas, they had to sell it off, and this is one evidence of it. 35 00:05:19.110 --> 00:05:19.590 Richard Lynn: Now. 36 00:05:22.200 --> 00:05:22.770 Richard Lynn: The. 37 00:05:23.940 --> 00:05:38.970 Richard Lynn: It was so far, it was very close to the water and so upon wrote this poem about it and I talked about it last time but it's there for you to observe and he he it's not close to the water at all now because of the landfill over the last hundred and 50 years or more. 38 00:05:41.460 --> 00:05:54.900 Richard Lynn: Now this is an earlier map and from the elbow period the 18th century and i've got it here, because in this area here one of the foremost. 39 00:05:56.640 --> 00:06:02.940 Richard Lynn: Well, the one of the most important figures among the Japanese Literati the engine. 40 00:06:04.080 --> 00:06:12.090 Richard Lynn: and close friend of songs from Shen he lived there, and you can see that the get K so Ian is here or was here. 41 00:06:12.930 --> 00:06:31.530 Richard Lynn: At that time and here's you know it must have been five minutes seven minutes walk between the two, so they became quite close friends and this man is he co a course I became closely associated with members of the Japanese or the Chinese Embassy. 42 00:06:34.740 --> 00:06:53.010 Richard Lynn: And here, he is he was a classical Chinese poetry writer and prose he helped bong read Japanese history, he was a prominent confusion scholar country poet con bond tutor and he got to know. 43 00:06:54.450 --> 00:06:58.260 Richard Lynn: The bong simply by probably showing up one day with some. 44 00:06:59.370 --> 00:07:17.070 Richard Lynn: Actually, with some Buddhists from the desert georgie of themselves and for a while they thought he was actually a Buddhist to a monk, so they actually gave him a name job for him false imprint of the Buddha or Buddha seal as a kind of a joke. 45 00:07:19.560 --> 00:07:28.620 Richard Lynn: Now this size site circle of friends put together a you should Ko Ko sai edited this this is. 46 00:07:30.060 --> 00:07:31.230 Richard Lynn: When dot homes. 47 00:07:35.760 --> 00:07:57.480 Richard Lynn: offer in response our exchange poetry it's a slim volume it's available like much of the major publications, almost all of them now, I think, by now, by the national died library in Japan they're free for downloading it's an amazing resource, and this is the cover page of the volume. 48 00:07:59.160 --> 00:08:09.720 Richard Lynn: And these are the people who are involved in it crew john and john's equate he was the ambassador device Ambassador shun when Jen with the rather shun winning was the. 49 00:08:11.790 --> 00:08:17.730 Richard Lynn: Another important figure in the embassy here was one of the chin and then these are members of the staff. 50 00:08:21.210 --> 00:08:34.500 Richard Lynn: Now he co co sign i'm showing you this be largely to alert you to the fact that these Japanese scholars were incredibly erudite and we're. 51 00:08:36.390 --> 00:08:45.270 Richard Lynn: Even one some Chen admitted, they were equal in of sophistication and error addition to Chinese scholars at the time. 52 00:08:46.830 --> 00:08:51.660 Richard Lynn: And this is some of the stuff that he wrote over his long career. 53 00:08:52.980 --> 00:08:56.580 Richard Lynn: Both topical things editing all sorts of things. 54 00:08:58.860 --> 00:09:00.270 Richard Lynn: Now he also. 55 00:09:01.560 --> 00:09:09.060 Richard Lynn: This isn't on that list and i'm putting it here largely for fun, because it will see what it is it's the. 56 00:09:10.470 --> 00:09:14.400 Richard Lynn: yeah twang quiet time or in Japanese. 57 00:09:16.620 --> 00:09:19.770 Richard Lynn: jaso key done something like. 58 00:09:23.250 --> 00:09:30.180 Richard Lynn: At the night window ghostly talks or talks about ghosts are demons. 59 00:09:31.560 --> 00:09:32.280 Richard Lynn: it's written. 60 00:09:33.480 --> 00:09:37.680 Richard Lynn: Entirely in classical Chinese and can blend or con when. 61 00:09:39.210 --> 00:09:49.500 Richard Lynn: And it's a no it's in the same idiom as Leo Jerry who some links famous collection of stories. 62 00:09:51.510 --> 00:09:52.500 Richard Lynn: And here, he is. 63 00:09:54.510 --> 00:09:58.770 Richard Lynn: The sexually appears in the third page in the volume itself he's in his study. 64 00:09:59.850 --> 00:10:03.000 Richard Lynn: Supposedly writing the book and here he is as a much older man. 65 00:10:04.770 --> 00:10:09.690 Richard Lynn: And you can see how the weird stories might be interesting. 66 00:10:12.060 --> 00:10:16.230 Richard Lynn: It was translated into modern Japanese in 2003. 67 00:10:18.030 --> 00:10:20.190 Richard Lynn: and published in Yokohama. 68 00:10:22.020 --> 00:10:30.120 Richard Lynn: From literary Chinese literary Chinese are kind of one and country in Japan have fallen on. 69 00:10:30.780 --> 00:10:41.760 Richard Lynn: A sad days since the end of the Second World War it's not part of the school curriculum of a little bit you get you get an introduction sort of as a. 70 00:10:42.390 --> 00:10:52.410 Richard Lynn: requirement in university arts faculties, but its fate has has followed that of Latin in the Western world. 71 00:10:52.890 --> 00:11:03.300 Richard Lynn: Or at least in North America, where it's now neglected, when I was a high school student if you wanted to go to university you did laugh, so I did three years of Latin but that's long gone. 72 00:11:04.320 --> 00:11:06.780 Richard Lynn: And you can see what kind of stories, they were. 73 00:11:08.970 --> 00:11:09.450 Richard Lynn: pretty good. 74 00:11:12.510 --> 00:11:13.740 Richard Lynn: Okay now. 75 00:11:15.690 --> 00:11:16.860 Richard Lynn: One of the things that. 76 00:11:18.120 --> 00:11:22.290 Richard Lynn: Any scholar working on a Chinese poet of any era. 77 00:11:23.730 --> 00:11:27.270 Richard Lynn: should do is to try to find out what. 78 00:11:29.730 --> 00:11:30.180 Richard Lynn: The. 79 00:11:31.590 --> 00:11:34.170 Richard Lynn: What the man's poetic theory. 80 00:11:35.310 --> 00:11:58.350 Richard Lynn: Was and one of the best places to look if such if it exists is the preface to his own words written by the Pope himself, where he explains what he's doing why he's doing it what authors of the past were important to him what tradition or traditions of poetry he follows, and so on now. 81 00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:00.570 Richard Lynn: The. 82 00:12:03.270 --> 00:12:05.850 Richard Lynn: The original edition of the urban Sasha sure. 83 00:12:08.670 --> 00:12:12.210 Richard Lynn: didn't have a preference at all attached to it. 84 00:12:13.320 --> 00:12:25.140 Richard Lynn: Now this is because it was published by the Tongue when one the the foreign affairs translation what academies school college. 85 00:12:26.970 --> 00:12:28.170 Richard Lynn: And I suspect. 86 00:12:29.430 --> 00:12:37.230 Richard Lynn: That it won't Huang did not put his own preface there or anybody else's because it was a kind of a public document. 87 00:12:38.040 --> 00:12:53.340 Richard Lynn: He meant this to serve as information about Japan and the subtext texts of which are the strategy involved was to convince people in power in China, and certainly having something published. 88 00:12:53.880 --> 00:13:02.880 Richard Lynn: From the Tongue one would would have done that, to convince people in China that the meiji restoration, the reform movement, the modernization. 89 00:13:03.750 --> 00:13:15.360 Richard Lynn: The incorporation of Western science, technology and so forth into modernization in Japan was a model for China, so I don't think I think rather that he. 90 00:13:16.560 --> 00:13:23.580 Richard Lynn: would have avoided that, however, as we see from this precious written in 1885. 91 00:13:24.630 --> 00:13:25.140 Richard Lynn: That. 92 00:13:27.120 --> 00:13:38.790 Richard Lynn: He did write a hey you know this, this is the right of it, he it, but unfortunately it doesn't really say anything about his theory of poetry it tells us first of all. 93 00:13:39.390 --> 00:13:54.660 Richard Lynn: who helped him read Japanese sources and and and he said they corrected they criticized they they use dread and yellow income there corrections overflow the pages. 94 00:13:55.230 --> 00:14:09.270 Richard Lynn: He went through four drafts and then he submitted it that's only i'm in the office in charge of affairs of all nations, this is the tool and Guan actually that's the publishing outlet which printed it in later time typography that is votes have been. 95 00:14:10.530 --> 00:14:12.420 Richard Lynn: After that, it was published in Hong Kong. 96 00:14:13.530 --> 00:14:23.940 Richard Lynn: By the by the universal circulating Herod the Shin one herbal and in Mandarin. 97 00:14:25.020 --> 00:14:28.320 Richard Lynn: This is the newspapers started by long tall. 98 00:14:29.850 --> 00:14:43.290 Richard Lynn: Who I could spend a lot of time on to that we don't have that time he was he's considered the father, founder of modern Chinese journalism and he also, of course. 99 00:14:44.220 --> 00:14:55.020 Richard Lynn: Was the collaborator with James leg and the translating the Chinese classics and lived in Scotland with the legs, while he much of the work was done. 100 00:14:55.950 --> 00:15:09.180 Richard Lynn: And anyway, anyway, then it was published again in Japan, now, it was popular and it sold out and he gave your friends, when he was abroad, give copies to. 101 00:15:10.380 --> 00:15:17.430 Richard Lynn: bookstores and they sold out and then his father, who was who went the traditional. 102 00:15:18.390 --> 00:15:34.500 Richard Lynn: way of you know, good going through the ginger exam and then being appointed to official them, he was quite a you know, an active official even then that his father than actually had a printing blocks carved for it. 103 00:15:35.640 --> 00:15:42.690 Richard Lynn: And, and where he was where he was serving and then added printed. 104 00:15:43.950 --> 00:15:45.990 Richard Lynn: And then he talks about how important. 105 00:15:48.780 --> 00:16:00.060 Richard Lynn: His work is because it takes part in this modernization and in dissemination of of of of information about the new and changing modern world. 106 00:16:00.750 --> 00:16:19.440 Richard Lynn: And he actually composed the visit after coming back from after Japan one some can went to San Francisco where he was Consul General then he went to Singapore, where he was Consul General and then he went to London to the imperial Chinese Embassy has again counselor. 107 00:16:20.970 --> 00:16:36.000 Richard Lynn: So he went You know, as he says, you know to myriad 20,000 Lee well that's probably an exaggeration, but even so now, these are the people who helped him I. 108 00:16:36.540 --> 00:16:48.120 Richard Lynn: This is the great thing about working on a later figure in the age of photography you can actually train track down who these people were you know a great deal about them even what they look like. 109 00:16:50.430 --> 00:16:50.910 Richard Lynn: Now. 110 00:16:52.290 --> 00:16:55.410 Richard Lynn: here's another preface this is to the 1890 edition. 111 00:16:58.050 --> 00:17:08.880 Richard Lynn: which was revised and expanded from 154 poems the 200 there is some overlap, all together, there are 214 poems and. 112 00:17:10.440 --> 00:17:15.450 Richard Lynn: That i'm translating as part of this project for Oxford University press. 113 00:17:16.800 --> 00:17:28.290 Richard Lynn: So this explains how it all got started during the winter of the Dean show year that's 1877 I followed orders and completed our mission so forth, and he was drafting, at the same time is urban gorgeous, this is the first. 114 00:17:29.940 --> 00:17:35.910 Richard Lynn: Major history complete history of Japan written in Chinese. 115 00:17:36.960 --> 00:17:51.210 Richard Lynn: um he retrieved old accounts and refer to new institutions and whenever I chose some miscellaneous matter I always developed a little note on it, which I then linked with a poem Now this is interesting, he apparently. 116 00:17:52.650 --> 00:17:57.000 Richard Lynn: He wrote the poems yeah simultaneously. 117 00:17:58.440 --> 00:18:03.570 Richard Lynn: or with a compilation of this great treatise on. 118 00:18:04.620 --> 00:18:14.520 Richard Lynn: Japanese things the treatises on Japan it's an imitation in imitation of the treatises in the in the. 119 00:18:17.040 --> 00:18:18.180 Richard Lynn: Official histories. 120 00:18:19.620 --> 00:18:30.900 Richard Lynn: And then he tacked on a poem the the pros parts came first rather than the other way around, so, even though i've been calling them commentaries on the poems. 121 00:18:31.980 --> 00:18:45.090 Richard Lynn: Their essays to which the poems were attached, and I remember when I first encountered this now, this is not a collection of poetry to express. 122 00:18:46.500 --> 00:19:08.220 Richard Lynn: individuality inner feelings his responses to the world is kind of a exposition of the contents of his consciousness any of the Expressionist individualist biographical kind of poetry that that that we expect from many Chinese poets, but instead they were. 123 00:19:09.240 --> 00:19:25.200 Richard Lynn: Just vehicles of dissemination of information that had a very practical and immediate purpose and I had even when I started translating these years and years ago, often on i've been working on this, since I didn't have a 1990s. 124 00:19:26.580 --> 00:19:36.060 Richard Lynn: I wondered why in the world anyone would want to render this information in poetry. 125 00:19:37.260 --> 00:19:38.820 Richard Lynn: And the only thing and I asked. 126 00:19:40.530 --> 00:19:42.420 Richard Lynn: us from from the audience. 127 00:19:44.490 --> 00:20:03.630 Richard Lynn: My theory is that it's their function was something like the function of couplets or squat trains that introduced chapters in traditional Chinese novels was sort of alerting readers what to expect in the chapter that followed. 128 00:20:04.950 --> 00:20:12.840 Richard Lynn: So it's a kind of a a traditional way of of engaging readers in a way they're used to. 129 00:20:14.940 --> 00:20:19.500 Richard Lynn: You get a poetic introduction to a prose narrative. 130 00:20:20.760 --> 00:20:26.550 Richard Lynn: let's talk about that later that's, the only thing i've been able to figure out why he might want to have done it that way. 131 00:20:29.670 --> 00:20:30.210 Richard Lynn: Now. 132 00:20:31.830 --> 00:20:33.090 Richard Lynn: As you can see his. 133 00:20:35.250 --> 00:20:41.430 Richard Lynn: His preface is very practical He complains about the hidebound. 134 00:20:43.170 --> 00:20:44.190 Richard Lynn: Sino centric. 135 00:20:45.240 --> 00:20:49.830 Richard Lynn: traditional view of his contemporaries and that. 136 00:20:51.480 --> 00:20:55.770 Richard Lynn: Their ignorance of Japan and how important Japan is and. 137 00:20:58.950 --> 00:21:17.310 Richard Lynn: He went on to say it's certainly no easy task to talk about how one knows another country, therefore, when I finished editing this draft, I had these two words to acknowledge my past errors and he says that he himself was part of this ignorance and hidebound. 138 00:21:18.450 --> 00:21:25.770 Richard Lynn: Almost reactionary view of Japan when he first arrived there and i'll show you what he meant. 139 00:21:27.330 --> 00:21:36.660 Richard Lynn: He wrote an 1879 in the 1879 edition he wrote a poem about newspapers, he wrote another poem replacing this one. 140 00:21:38.130 --> 00:21:47.160 Richard Lynn: In the 1890 edition, and here you see he's quite ambivalent about the value of these things, and quite sarcastic. 141 00:21:47.880 --> 00:22:00.150 Richard Lynn: A newspaper appears from the imperial capital, the newly problem located laws are even more enlightened and he's being sarcastic there and old fellow sunning under these chat privately about them well it's not. 142 00:22:01.170 --> 00:22:08.340 Richard Lynn: See on time now, so you know I translated as privately i'm on it also includes the idea it's. 143 00:22:09.390 --> 00:22:14.400 Richard Lynn: There they have no business doing this sort of surreptitiously or. 144 00:22:16.920 --> 00:22:27.210 Richard Lynn: Well, we can talk about that the implications of so anyway, they chat privately about them, not yet daring to offer their own your response to opinions. 145 00:22:28.290 --> 00:22:28.860 Richard Lynn: and 146 00:22:30.390 --> 00:22:31.260 Richard Lynn: The pros. 147 00:22:33.300 --> 00:22:34.590 Richard Lynn: essay that follows. 148 00:22:35.880 --> 00:22:46.680 Richard Lynn: And he's saying he's interested in in the in the problem that in in the West there alone already laws about libel and slander and. 149 00:22:48.780 --> 00:23:04.320 Richard Lynn: Any but he's, but I think he's ambivalent about whether or not you know this, this is enforced enough and and then whenever anything new policies presented newspapers if it's not civilized when ming it's called an enlightened law. 150 00:23:05.340 --> 00:23:12.420 Richard Lynn: And again he's being sarcastic and rather critical of the whole process now by the time. 151 00:23:13.500 --> 00:23:21.570 Richard Lynn: Enough time has passed, he changes his mind completely if you want to know what happened long ago, read the old histories, but if you want to know what's happening now read a newspaper. 152 00:23:22.350 --> 00:23:29.070 Richard Lynn: All schools of thought and every thinker they're not a ones left out, and the reaches everyone everywhere, so all can share same words. 153 00:23:30.210 --> 00:23:38.820 Richard Lynn: And then he has a very positive take on on newspapers in the pros paragraph that follows. 154 00:23:42.210 --> 00:23:48.180 Richard Lynn: But interestingly, he he claims that the newspaper originated in the Court political T ball. 155 00:23:49.200 --> 00:23:52.410 Richard Lynn: And even resembles the collect the name, but some sure. 156 00:23:55.170 --> 00:24:07.020 Richard Lynn: If you if you want to get approval for something new you've got to claim that that isn't new at all, but you can find you know precedence for it in the good old golden past and he's still stuck there. 157 00:24:09.060 --> 00:24:14.520 Richard Lynn: Now, finally, as far as prefaces, though, we have to shift to. 158 00:24:16.740 --> 00:24:18.840 Richard Lynn: Another work entirely. 159 00:24:22.950 --> 00:24:26.640 Richard Lynn: This is the preface to the is complete works of poetry. 160 00:24:27.780 --> 00:24:52.110 Richard Lynn: or engine sure sure call from their engines, the drafts from the hut within the human realm and he here, we really finally get what he thinks is important in the Chinese tradition and lays it all out in great detail, not only the poetic tradition, but also the. 161 00:24:53.310 --> 00:24:54.630 Richard Lynn: kind of general. 162 00:24:57.390 --> 00:25:01.560 Richard Lynn: Collection of erudition one needs to write. 163 00:25:02.970 --> 00:25:18.690 Richard Lynn: Proper poetry and his poetry is very elusive it's not easy to read, he constantly uses an enormous number of historical and literary illusions. 164 00:25:19.200 --> 00:25:31.290 Richard Lynn: So it's a lot of chasing around and adding footnotes and so forth Now this is characteristic of Ching dynasty poetry in general and had been going on for a very long time. 165 00:25:32.850 --> 00:25:38.100 Richard Lynn: Another interest of mine is the 17th century poet scholar. 166 00:25:39.360 --> 00:25:41.850 Richard Lynn: Official along sure john while you young. 167 00:25:45.420 --> 00:26:03.390 Richard Lynn: Who in his own day people were complaining about him using so many illusions that one needed an enormous library even to figure out what he's trying to say because you have to track down these illusions, you get the drift of the bones, and this carries on. 168 00:26:04.830 --> 00:26:07.410 Richard Lynn: And you can see who is really important to him. 169 00:26:10.050 --> 00:26:32.280 Richard Lynn: In the poet's South soldier about Joe Torre Chen shelling Yun nearby do full time you sushi and then extending down to works by later lesser masters of recent times, and he uses this term poetry for the self way water sure. 170 00:26:33.390 --> 00:26:35.430 Richard Lynn: poetry for the self. 171 00:26:36.810 --> 00:26:37.260 Richard Lynn: So it. 172 00:26:38.550 --> 00:26:39.180 Richard Lynn: Is. 173 00:26:41.160 --> 00:27:02.370 Richard Lynn: An expressive he claims, at least for his own poetry that has a personal nature that it is in this tradition, which is largely the associated with, though not completely with the song dynasty looser colloquial. 174 00:27:03.600 --> 00:27:16.740 Richard Lynn: style heavy on the narrative and closer to spoken Chinese rather than the highly intricate and difficult. 175 00:27:18.360 --> 00:27:18.810 Richard Lynn: tongue. 176 00:27:19.920 --> 00:27:24.330 Richard Lynn: syntactical constructions that we discussed last time. 177 00:27:26.250 --> 00:27:26.670 Richard Lynn: Now. 178 00:27:29.160 --> 00:27:46.650 Richard Lynn: Here, he talks about the Japanese collection verse tradition which he was very interested in and he thought Japanese poets, of the meiji his contemporaries and bit earlier were. 179 00:27:47.940 --> 00:27:53.130 Richard Lynn: Ever every bit as good as poets in China, including himself. 180 00:27:55.800 --> 00:28:03.030 Richard Lynn: And he bemoans the fact that people already are losing interest in this. 181 00:28:05.100 --> 00:28:18.690 Richard Lynn: And to sort of highlight this issue he writes this poem how many of trace poetry source back to the one and way and in the wake of fun and some kept the true style alive, no wonder that Korean merchants. 182 00:28:19.290 --> 00:28:28.530 Richard Lynn: Thought to buy his works for except for base camp Sean see and that's you hadn't made the 18th century poet is ranked the very best now. 183 00:28:33.870 --> 00:28:48.150 Richard Lynn: A great deal can be said about this and i'll have to be rather i'll have to abridge everything that's involved here to a few sentences, so we can get on with the rest of the presentation, but. 184 00:28:51.540 --> 00:28:58.080 Richard Lynn: Even though Japan during the total go out where the adult period the backer for the movie will. 185 00:28:59.850 --> 00:29:00.420 Richard Lynn: Surely die. 186 00:29:03.060 --> 00:29:04.260 Richard Lynn: Even though i'd had a locked. 187 00:29:05.940 --> 00:29:23.310 Richard Lynn: locked down country policy forbidding Japanese from going abroad and for bidding non Japanese for mentoring with with very few exceptions, one being the Dutch in MIA MIA jima sorry. 188 00:29:25.020 --> 00:29:26.280 Richard Lynn: Other way and inclusion kyushu. 189 00:29:27.450 --> 00:29:37.440 Richard Lynn: they're trading ship once a year, but they did allow merchants from Korea and merchants from Korea brought regularly. 190 00:29:38.850 --> 00:29:40.590 Richard Lynn: Chinese works to Japan. 191 00:29:43.110 --> 00:29:53.340 Richard Lynn: Especially poetry was extremely popular all during the 17th and 18th and into the 19th centuries and this. 192 00:29:55.140 --> 00:29:55.590 Richard Lynn: So. 193 00:29:57.600 --> 00:30:03.060 Richard Lynn: By GE and UN may were ranked the very best now. 194 00:30:04.200 --> 00:30:20.460 Richard Lynn: There is an enormous well, you can see it's 1100 and 46 pages, this is a history of the reception and influence of Chinese poetry during the edit period. 195 00:30:22.590 --> 00:30:25.710 Richard Lynn: in great detail it's, this is the work here. 196 00:30:27.450 --> 00:30:29.850 Richard Lynn: And this is just one. 197 00:30:31.050 --> 00:30:43.470 Richard Lynn: Page well it's actually two pages of the table of contents how detailed here here, interestingly there's a whole chapter on one surgeons to Shanghai ensure his. 198 00:30:44.130 --> 00:30:51.600 Richard Lynn: spirit resonance that's how i've been translating it for years, anyway, his theory of poetry, and the influence it had on Japanese poets. 199 00:30:54.840 --> 00:30:58.140 Richard Lynn: This is a very rich area to explore. 200 00:31:00.750 --> 00:31:13.980 Richard Lynn: The Japanese poets, of the 17th 18th 19th century country poets, writing and Chinese are very enormous number of them and they wrote voluminously. 201 00:31:16.140 --> 00:31:20.250 Richard Lynn: To go into the pod young young. 202 00:31:22.410 --> 00:31:26.070 Richard Lynn: Pan at the bookstore in in. 203 00:31:27.750 --> 00:31:39.360 Richard Lynn: In Tokyo and where they sell such things collections of of country poetry that you know one is overwhelmed by the amount of stuff on the shelf there. 204 00:31:40.890 --> 00:31:43.650 Richard Lynn: Now here's some examples of poetry. 205 00:31:46.950 --> 00:31:48.240 Richard Lynn: And and. 206 00:31:50.610 --> 00:32:03.870 Richard Lynn: I wrote a long essay for the journal published by the Royal is the attic society in in Britain and some years ago and. 207 00:32:04.920 --> 00:32:10.350 Richard Lynn: ones kong's attitude towards women, which was quite enlightened for his his day. 208 00:32:12.180 --> 00:32:15.480 Richard Lynn: He himself was a good job, when he was a hot Cup. 209 00:32:16.500 --> 00:32:19.530 Richard Lynn: And haka women did not buying their feet. 210 00:32:20.610 --> 00:32:36.960 Richard Lynn: And marriages tended to be monogamous and he was quite faithful to his wife refusing all kinds of opportunities in Japan, where his Japanese friends tried to get him involved with geisha and he kept refusing, and he was. 211 00:32:38.640 --> 00:32:54.690 Richard Lynn: Well, a thoroughly enlightened fellow in that regard, at least, relatively speaking, so he wrote a lot of poems about women and their status in Japan, which was far higher than in China at the time, and here. 212 00:32:56.250 --> 00:33:00.810 Richard Lynn: He writes a poem on the opening of the first women's. 213 00:33:02.340 --> 00:33:12.540 Richard Lynn: Teachers college in 1876 it opened, and then there was a ceremony each year for the. 214 00:33:14.220 --> 00:33:15.540 Richard Lynn: reopening of classes. 215 00:33:16.860 --> 00:33:21.570 Richard Lynn: And he attended one of these and and even though it's some. 216 00:33:22.860 --> 00:33:29.310 Richard Lynn: it's retrospective to the year before he arrived in Japan, it seems to been quite. 217 00:33:30.330 --> 00:33:34.980 Richard Lynn: an accurate description of what went on when the meiji. 218 00:33:36.180 --> 00:33:41.280 Richard Lynn: emperor is queen the the Empress paid a visit. 219 00:33:45.120 --> 00:33:48.540 Richard Lynn: And here's rather a kind of a. 220 00:33:49.710 --> 00:33:51.150 Richard Lynn: he's a. 221 00:33:52.320 --> 00:33:59.130 Richard Lynn: He was much taken with Japanese food, and so there he wrote about everything from politics. 222 00:34:01.080 --> 00:34:02.280 Richard Lynn: Institutions. 223 00:34:03.690 --> 00:34:04.890 Richard Lynn: non governmental. 224 00:34:06.630 --> 00:34:22.680 Richard Lynn: Agencies public space, he was quite interested in parks and museums, all of these things that didn't exist in China at the at that time, and he even went so far as to talk about cooking. 225 00:34:24.120 --> 00:34:31.050 Richard Lynn: In general, he thought very poorly of Japanese cuisine he complained that it was. 226 00:34:32.220 --> 00:34:34.200 Richard Lynn: not served fresh and hot. 227 00:34:35.250 --> 00:34:45.690 Richard Lynn: But in another poem he complained that it was always like the hundred year the cold food festival, it was cold food festivals, you know all year long. 228 00:34:46.770 --> 00:34:51.060 Richard Lynn: And then he noted that probably the reason for this was. 229 00:34:53.610 --> 00:35:06.150 Richard Lynn: The fact that Japanese cities were full of wooden houses and that everything burned down every once in a while and probably having fires going was a dangerous thing and so people tended. 230 00:35:07.020 --> 00:35:24.540 Richard Lynn: To be very careful about how much they cook them, they often a lot of things weren't cooked at all, but, however, he was much taken with one particular dish and that's eel my and here is a an example he really went into. 231 00:35:25.620 --> 00:35:34.710 Richard Lynn: This is one of my favorite poems in the whole collection, I want to taste each piece so much that I stay in my fingers and drool. 232 00:35:35.790 --> 00:35:43.980 Richard Lynn: Right Roger Leo and good chunk right flavored with blended seasoning and served up with ginger to. 233 00:35:45.120 --> 00:35:48.630 Richard Lynn: Whenever our menus and cookbooks talk about ways to prepare eel. 234 00:35:49.680 --> 00:36:06.180 Richard Lynn: i'll have to amend them to include no fragrance right john who sang of the Japanese and this is what it was popularly called it's quite an obsolete term now, but apparently, this was the way it was. 235 00:36:07.740 --> 00:36:11.970 Richard Lynn: described in places had this out, even in front. 236 00:36:13.260 --> 00:36:17.250 Richard Lynn: The eel grilling specialty restaurants. 237 00:36:19.110 --> 00:36:33.780 Richard Lynn: And there's the Japanese term for it it's grill over dried rush plants it so it's slightly smoky and then how it served its self service way with wasabi or ginger and. 238 00:36:36.120 --> 00:36:38.280 Richard Lynn: and so on, and. 239 00:36:41.910 --> 00:36:49.560 Richard Lynn: it's interesting now that a lot of eels come from New Zealand and served in Japan. 240 00:36:52.380 --> 00:37:03.990 Richard Lynn: There Zealanders started farming eel for the Japanese market way back when I taught there at Auckland University in the 1970s and it's still a a popular. 241 00:37:05.190 --> 00:37:10.380 Richard Lynn: thing to do, and there it is I don't know how close to lunch or dinner. 242 00:37:11.460 --> 00:37:23.130 Richard Lynn: Everyone is but there, there is a final picture, now there are a couple of things that I wanted to pick up again from earlier in the presentation. 243 00:37:26.040 --> 00:37:26.610 Richard Lynn: The. 244 00:37:34.140 --> 00:37:45.390 Richard Lynn: I can direct you to some specific things that you might want to look at because it regards, in particular, the nature and. 245 00:37:46.770 --> 00:37:53.430 Richard Lynn: Art of translation I got started with Hamza machine. 246 00:37:54.540 --> 00:37:57.870 Richard Lynn: Back in the 90s for 93. 247 00:37:58.980 --> 00:38:09.090 Richard Lynn: Because I was asked to do a feature article on Jerry schmidt's book within the human realm the poetry of consumption, we just is filled with my Cambridge. 248 00:38:10.530 --> 00:38:15.480 Richard Lynn: And I was very unhappy with it and it's rather and it's very detailed. 249 00:38:17.760 --> 00:38:18.630 Richard Lynn: And it. 250 00:38:20.250 --> 00:38:30.720 Richard Lynn: review is more than a review, I really take him to task for what I consider you know his his tendency to be to slide too much into paraphrase and not. 251 00:38:32.220 --> 00:38:37.110 Richard Lynn: attempt at all to construct or recover the. 252 00:38:39.090 --> 00:38:40.650 Richard Lynn: syntactic equivalence. 253 00:38:42.090 --> 00:38:45.570 Richard Lynn: Of what how it appears in the in the in Chinese. 254 00:38:46.710 --> 00:38:51.210 Richard Lynn: Anyway, for more on my theory and. 255 00:38:52.290 --> 00:38:55.770 Richard Lynn: The practice of translation, this is a good place to look. 256 00:38:56.940 --> 00:38:58.890 Richard Lynn: And the first of my own. 257 00:39:00.120 --> 00:39:02.580 Richard Lynn: essays was this culture of ours. 258 00:39:04.020 --> 00:39:07.740 Richard Lynn: So when are she born in Japanese. 259 00:39:08.760 --> 00:39:13.560 Richard Lynn: It centers on the shared high common culture of China and Japan. 260 00:39:14.610 --> 00:39:22.740 Richard Lynn: The ubiquitous congee culture that then existed and remain and continue to do so well into the 20th century. 261 00:39:24.000 --> 00:39:29.730 Richard Lynn: i've given a similar presentations in Japan and Hong some Shannon. 262 00:39:31.890 --> 00:39:34.410 Richard Lynn: Thank you for three, including one. 263 00:39:36.330 --> 00:39:37.740 Richard Lynn: To an interesting Group and 264 00:39:39.510 --> 00:39:44.820 Richard Lynn: Is a suburb of Osaka it's the it's a very cultured. 265 00:39:45.990 --> 00:39:58.260 Richard Lynn: kind of area of town it's our it's a fairly large city to in its own right it's where the great.co.za za za za rebuke the review this is where. 266 00:39:59.910 --> 00:40:09.540 Richard Lynn: it's it's anyway it's it's a popular cultural place anyway, I gave a lecture there on this stuff and the reaction was rather surprising. 267 00:40:10.740 --> 00:40:22.290 Richard Lynn: These people who attended weren't academics are a few, I suppose, but most of them were people in the arts, literature publishing newspaper journalists. 268 00:40:23.730 --> 00:40:40.170 Richard Lynn: intellectuals, certainly, and they found this almost a regulatory it's a part of Japanese cultural history that's largely forgotten in modern Japan how close high Japanese culture and high. 269 00:40:41.220 --> 00:41:01.980 Richard Lynn: Chinese culture, how much they shared a common culture and in one's own day he and his friends, a Japanese Literati kept referring to it as Sue him now this comes from the i've translated as this culture of ours, this is borrowed from Peter bowl. 270 00:41:04.110 --> 00:41:06.750 Richard Lynn: Peter invented the term or. 271 00:41:08.130 --> 00:41:14.550 Richard Lynn: devise the term but it's probably close to 30 years ago now, and. 272 00:41:15.960 --> 00:41:27.570 Richard Lynn: This culture of ours it's from the analytics where Confucius is trapped and looks like he's going to maybe even be killed and he thinks that Kevin won't allow this to happen, because. 273 00:41:28.440 --> 00:41:39.870 Richard Lynn: It heaven wouldn't allow this cultural ours, so when to die with me so it's sort of a is a a slogan for. 274 00:41:40.950 --> 00:41:43.410 Richard Lynn: This great literary. 275 00:41:45.720 --> 00:41:57.660 Richard Lynn: Culture that began way back in ancient China and spread throughout East Asia and these Japanese and the Chinese thought that they were sharing the same thing. 276 00:41:58.080 --> 00:42:08.790 Richard Lynn: And, and they did indeed because, if one looks at the hits it on the beat on the brush talks that had been preserved thousands of pages. 277 00:42:09.870 --> 00:42:10.980 Richard Lynn: of conversation. 278 00:42:12.660 --> 00:42:27.000 Richard Lynn: Among them all they they they can right away and allude to that often interestingly it's to the children they often allude to the children, both sides and Chinese and the Japanese and to make a certain point. 279 00:42:28.050 --> 00:42:36.840 Richard Lynn: That it can sum up a an issue very quickly in a few words and so by you cite something from the children. 280 00:42:39.120 --> 00:42:45.390 Richard Lynn: Now um it continues on this is another one that I published later. 281 00:42:47.130 --> 00:42:57.660 Richard Lynn: Which which deals with some of the details of this circle of of Literati on both sides and then aspects of culture. 282 00:42:58.740 --> 00:43:00.480 Richard Lynn: He explores everything from. 283 00:43:01.920 --> 00:43:09.930 Richard Lynn: prisons of me and the collection of taxes to statistics on the one hand, to, as we have seen, food and. 284 00:43:11.700 --> 00:43:23.610 Richard Lynn: and restaurants and so forth, and this had mochi but just time for left, unfortunately, that magazine exchange published by at the Chinese at the city university. 285 00:43:26.970 --> 00:43:30.330 Richard Lynn: city university it's not the Chinese interest of the city University of Hong Kong. 286 00:43:34.170 --> 00:43:48.090 Richard Lynn: Is is defunct it wasn't supported after I think 2010, but if you can I have, by the way, anyone who wants any of these and has trouble finding them send me an email. 287 00:43:49.140 --> 00:44:07.110 Richard Lynn: it's there at the beginning at the title of the talk my address my email address i'd be glad to send a a copy and then this one focuses on women and, finally, the whole thing is going to come out in a very large book. 288 00:44:08.940 --> 00:44:18.810 Richard Lynn: i'm obliged to finish it by the end of 2022 and i'm about two thirds of the way through translating the poems, but there is a very large. 289 00:44:19.410 --> 00:44:35.010 Richard Lynn: introductory section still in the planning that deals with the background and, especially, an analysis of consumption and as relation to these Chinese Japanese Literati. 290 00:44:36.990 --> 00:44:47.310 Richard Lynn: So I think at that point, I would like to stop, and perhaps we can spend more time on this during this presentation to solicit. 291 00:44:50.160 --> 00:44:55.980 Richard Lynn: questions and observations from the members of the audience, can we do that Mariana Mariana. 292 00:44:57.540 --> 00:45:05.190 Mariana Zorkina: Yes, sure, thank you for the talk just very shortly, I will remind about the question rules. 293 00:45:06.420 --> 00:45:21.660 Mariana Zorkina: You can ask the question either by raising the hand or by typing it in the chat the chat is now open and if you do not wish to appear on the recording you can type please read and we will read the question for you. 294 00:45:28.740 --> 00:45:37.350 Mariana Zorkina: Yes, and it might take some time for the questions to pop up so yet again if you can't come up with something right away at this moment. 295 00:45:38.370 --> 00:45:47.160 Mariana Zorkina: We have shared Professor your contact information, so you can ask the question later by email as well. 296 00:45:47.940 --> 00:45:48.840 Richard Lynn: yeah here it is. 297 00:45:50.850 --> 00:45:52.770 Richard Lynn: And some of these and I. 298 00:45:52.890 --> 00:46:04.320 Richard Lynn: can't recall how many are here at research gate, by the way, I have a complaint about academia.edu I had an enormous trove of stuff up there and they lost it all. 299 00:46:05.640 --> 00:46:06.600 Richard Lynn: They created. 300 00:46:07.710 --> 00:46:19.290 Richard Lynn: A phantom account that had nothing in it up with my name, and so I decided one day let's get rid of it, so I deleted it ah it deleted everything. 301 00:46:20.520 --> 00:46:28.140 Richard Lynn: And they said well sorry about that we can't do anything about it, so I said well and also i'm really fed up with their. 302 00:46:29.070 --> 00:46:43.620 Richard Lynn: Continual hard sell to to subscribe and get their premium version I don't know if if other people have the same opinion, anyway, I decided to move everything to research gate, which I find more far more congenial. 303 00:46:44.520 --> 00:47:04.890 Richard Lynn: though they have a fall to they they the system continually confuses if I if I if I write a review of something the the author of the work that I review is that is then confused with a Co author and then, of course, there are other Richard lens in the world, besides me. 304 00:47:07.140 --> 00:47:18.870 Richard Lynn: One is a sociologist anthropologist in the University of Belfast know there's a marine biologist they keep confusing this stuff oh life so hard. 305 00:47:22.950 --> 00:47:33.090 Mariana Zorkina: Yes, I believe that many people have problems with academia and I know that some journals even don't allow people to upload their articles just on this one website. 306 00:47:34.350 --> 00:47:40.980 Mariana Zorkina: So less and less people are using it as far as I know, and we have a question in the chat I will read it. 307 00:47:42.030 --> 00:48:00.390 Mariana Zorkina: I have a kind of specific question I noticed that there are some forms of quan discussing Japanese language percent I wonder was wants attitude towards the relationship between classical Chinese Kung fu and Japanese language and could speak a little bit of jacqueline's. 308 00:48:03.060 --> 00:48:05.190 Richard Lynn: Probably very, very little. 309 00:48:06.300 --> 00:48:09.540 Richard Lynn: The mode of communication was writing. 310 00:48:11.040 --> 00:48:20.640 Richard Lynn: He would write and they would ride, because the Japanese couldn't speak any kind of Chinese either. 311 00:48:23.520 --> 00:48:34.680 Richard Lynn: And, and the language which they communicated in was a mixture of classical Chinese go and or when when. 312 00:48:36.270 --> 00:48:39.060 Richard Lynn: And written Guan Hawk. 313 00:48:40.530 --> 00:48:41.760 Richard Lynn: The original Mandarin. 314 00:48:42.960 --> 00:48:45.660 Richard Lynn: The language spoken by officials. 315 00:48:47.400 --> 00:48:56.670 Richard Lynn: All over China or wherever they were posted and the Japanese learned this language as a written language, not a spoken language. 316 00:48:57.900 --> 00:49:08.940 Richard Lynn: And they made no attempt to speak it but they could write it, and this is something that began with the early days of the total go a regime. 317 00:49:09.870 --> 00:49:30.330 Richard Lynn: From the 17th early 17th century on, and so they didn't speak to each other, they wrote to each other and apparently they wrote it, it was a very, very fast exchange now the relationship between can blend currency in any form of Japanese well. 318 00:49:31.530 --> 00:49:38.370 Richard Lynn: There really isn't any well well, of course, that it's the relationship between the Chinese and the Japanese languages. 319 00:49:39.390 --> 00:49:45.300 Richard Lynn: Up until the end of the Second World War and the complete. 320 00:49:47.160 --> 00:49:49.740 Richard Lynn: Change in in school curriculum. 321 00:49:51.210 --> 00:49:52.950 Richard Lynn: During the allied occupation. 322 00:49:55.200 --> 00:49:56.280 Richard Lynn: Everybody learned. 323 00:49:57.750 --> 00:50:00.570 Richard Lynn: coughlin who had a higher education. 324 00:50:01.650 --> 00:50:02.460 Richard Lynn: and 325 00:50:07.590 --> 00:50:10.350 Richard Lynn: problem, probably as much. 326 00:50:11.700 --> 00:50:14.700 Richard Lynn: literature in the broadest sense of the word letters. 327 00:50:16.770 --> 00:50:28.800 Richard Lynn: written in Japan from earliest times until then probably far more than half written in condon not in Japanese the meiji constitution. 328 00:50:30.510 --> 00:50:32.520 Richard Lynn: was written in classical Chinese. 329 00:50:33.840 --> 00:50:51.990 Richard Lynn: I that's an odd fact but that's and of course now classical Chinese as has withered away in popular culture in Japan much the same way that Latin has at least among educated people in the West. 330 00:50:54.000 --> 00:51:12.210 Richard Lynn: But it's still there, and one can see, of course, and then, of course, you have to know something about about Japanese, and I mean page of Japanese it's full of Chinese characters but they function often quite differently and there's all sorts of different emphases on. 331 00:51:13.560 --> 00:51:33.000 Richard Lynn: meaning and one interesting thing is that one of the reasons why the Japanese at least have an earlier generation were quite good at Chinese pre modern vernacular literature was that so much of the vocabulary was preserved in Japanese via probably Buddhism, being the ulu the. 332 00:51:34.950 --> 00:51:37.230 Richard Lynn: The chance sure you, for instance. 333 00:51:38.430 --> 00:51:42.690 Richard Lynn: So I don't know if that answers the question but that's, I think, all I can say about it now. 334 00:51:46.860 --> 00:51:47.610 Mariana Zorkina: Thank you. 335 00:51:50.430 --> 00:52:00.420 Mariana Zorkina: Okay, I don't see any questions for now on I will give everyone else a little bit of time to think I have a question and. 336 00:52:01.680 --> 00:52:06.330 Mariana Zorkina: It will lead us a bit away from the original topic. 337 00:52:08.760 --> 00:52:15.330 Mariana Zorkina: But I feel like I have to ask, because this is a recurring questions occurring topic. 338 00:52:16.380 --> 00:52:28.320 Mariana Zorkina: Nowadays, for everyone who studies intercultural relationships, and that is the question of you know colonialism, so when one culture. 339 00:52:28.710 --> 00:52:43.140 Mariana Zorkina: considers another culture is minor is the barium and so on, and the question is whether you have ever considered this angle, whether you think it influenced work or for quantum CNN anyway. 340 00:52:44.310 --> 00:52:45.870 Richard Lynn: yeah the. 341 00:52:47.910 --> 00:52:48.450 Mariana Zorkina: well. 342 00:52:49.140 --> 00:52:50.130 Traditionally. 343 00:52:51.150 --> 00:52:54.660 Richard Lynn: Japan was considered a tribute state to China. 344 00:52:56.220 --> 00:52:56.850 Richard Lynn: A. 345 00:52:58.320 --> 00:52:59.010 Richard Lynn: and 346 00:53:01.800 --> 00:53:03.120 Richard Lynn: The change. 347 00:53:04.650 --> 00:53:08.640 Richard Lynn: From that attitude on both sides. 348 00:53:10.230 --> 00:53:24.360 Richard Lynn: Rather than a cultural dependent, one of the interesting facets of the meiji restoration and modernization in Japan was a break with traditional China and Chinese culture. 349 00:53:26.460 --> 00:53:27.780 Richard Lynn: When I first started. 350 00:53:28.860 --> 00:53:34.200 Richard Lynn: Working on all this, I had a conversation with my old teacher from princeton marius Johnson. 351 00:53:35.520 --> 00:53:40.320 Richard Lynn: Who was a bit dubious that that was even worth doing because. 352 00:53:41.340 --> 00:53:44.190 Richard Lynn: His work what's the major era was. 353 00:53:45.330 --> 00:53:56.670 Richard Lynn: Right in the mainstream of westernization modernization, you know, this is the main sort of thrust of Jeff of early modern Japanese history and that he regarded. 354 00:53:58.680 --> 00:54:16.200 Richard Lynn: Long from Chen and not so much ones on shun but his associates in Japan is as kind of a you know, a dead end they they were still kind of in thrall to the past and we're being increasingly marginalized and then forgotten. 355 00:54:17.340 --> 00:54:23.160 Richard Lynn: Well, I we disagreed and I continued on with this. 356 00:54:25.500 --> 00:54:43.140 Richard Lynn: But this is an interesting thing it's the that that colonialism, is more than economics and politics it's also cultural and the Japanese really emancipated themselves from the sense of being a cultural colony of China. 357 00:54:44.220 --> 00:54:48.990 Richard Lynn: During the late 19th century and into the 20th in fact. 358 00:54:50.280 --> 00:54:50.730 Richard Lynn: The. 359 00:54:52.740 --> 00:54:55.950 Richard Lynn: The CC cola course I let me scroll down. 360 00:54:57.780 --> 00:54:59.880 Richard Lynn: To one of his works. 361 00:55:00.900 --> 00:55:03.270 Where is he here now here we go. 362 00:55:18.540 --> 00:55:18.870 yeah. 363 00:55:24.570 --> 00:55:25.410 Richard Lynn: it's touching. 364 00:55:27.360 --> 00:55:30.090 Richard Lynn: Five things that the Ching. 365 00:55:31.260 --> 00:55:35.040 Richard Lynn: Chinese or the chin Court does not understand where is that. 366 00:55:44.670 --> 00:55:45.660 Richard Lynn: I can't find it. 367 00:55:47.160 --> 00:55:48.060 Richard Lynn: Well, there is a. 368 00:55:50.430 --> 00:55:53.520 Richard Lynn: an essay a short little pamphlet he wrote. 369 00:55:54.870 --> 00:56:05.250 Richard Lynn: About five things to Ching don't understand the chin court shingle shingle they call their hurry to China and and that. 370 00:56:06.810 --> 00:56:07.470 Richard Lynn: And this. 371 00:56:08.880 --> 00:56:18.600 Richard Lynn: These people that want some Shan had been associated with an 1877 1882 these cultural conservatives and traditionalist. 372 00:56:20.880 --> 00:56:35.280 Richard Lynn: Poor quite sympathetic and positive about China completely changed their minds with the failure of the of the 1898 Palace cool in China, where the Empress dowager. 373 00:56:37.650 --> 00:56:41.760 Richard Lynn: Put an end to the reforms and actually had. 374 00:56:43.170 --> 00:56:47.400 Richard Lynn: Many of the leaders tons of tongue, for instance, and so on, so forth. 375 00:56:48.570 --> 00:56:55.980 Richard Lynn: Cotton an executed and the That was a big turning point in Japan, their attitude. 376 00:56:57.390 --> 00:57:05.610 Richard Lynn: changed rather completely some of them and the issue was largely. 377 00:57:06.660 --> 00:57:12.930 Richard Lynn: In cat encapsulated in one particular attitude that became very, very dangerous. 378 00:57:14.790 --> 00:57:16.080 Richard Lynn: The attitude was. 379 00:57:17.190 --> 00:57:29.130 Richard Lynn: Now that China has had this reactionary coup and has rejected modernization and and all the things that the meiji Japanese are embracing. 380 00:57:29.760 --> 00:57:37.920 Richard Lynn: They no longer are capable of taking care of themselves, so we have to do it for them, and this was the beginning of Japanese. 381 00:57:38.580 --> 00:57:56.190 Richard Lynn: attitude of aggression and occupation of China and so much suffering and flicked it on China during the 20th century, and it began back with the failure of the 1898 reform movement of the kwangju Emperor and his supporters. 382 00:57:57.570 --> 00:58:06.150 Richard Lynn: So yes, and issues of colonialism and politics are very, very important and in related to wellness. 383 00:58:10.500 --> 00:58:27.270 Mariana Zorkina: Thank you, and just a reminder to everyone that questions can be very trivial as well and don't necessarily have to be about Japan or Argentinian it can be about translations of poetry reference books methods and so on. 384 00:58:35.100 --> 00:58:45.030 Mariana Zorkina: Okay, and while everyone is silent, could you please share with everyone, which is your favorite dictionary which detainees you use the most vile translating port. 385 00:58:46.590 --> 00:58:47.070 Richard Lynn: O mine. 386 00:58:49.050 --> 00:58:50.850 Richard Lynn: Every user right variety of things. 387 00:58:54.660 --> 00:58:56.250 Richard Lynn: I go to. 388 00:58:57.840 --> 00:59:01.320 Richard Lynn: The hundred dots again quite often the online version. 389 00:59:02.610 --> 00:59:03.270 Richard Lynn: i'm. 390 00:59:04.740 --> 00:59:05.820 Richard Lynn: Probably first. 391 00:59:08.160 --> 00:59:21.510 Richard Lynn: But the real fall back when I can't find a term is the daikon watch eaten da Hun could Sudan be great more ohashi compendium. 392 00:59:24.570 --> 00:59:31.410 Richard Lynn: So I recommend that it's 12 volume actually there's the 13th volume with. 393 00:59:32.580 --> 00:59:39.660 Richard Lynn: An emanation published more recently that's what I use to really track down difficult stuff. 394 00:59:44.310 --> 00:59:54.000 Richard Lynn: it's very useful to, especially as I mentioned, last time for people like me who started to learn Chinese only as a young adult. 395 00:59:56.190 --> 00:59:58.680 Richard Lynn: Not as a child and. 396 00:59:59.790 --> 01:00:11.190 Richard Lynn: There are ways we we supplement these these deficiencies and one of them is Japanese reference works they're very, very useful. 397 01:00:20.160 --> 01:00:20.970 Mariana Zorkina: Thank you. 398 01:00:22.980 --> 01:00:26.850 Mariana Zorkina: let's maybe see if anyone else has any questions because. 399 01:00:27.900 --> 01:00:31.050 Mariana Zorkina: I feel like it's just about my interests folio. 400 01:00:59.130 --> 01:01:01.050 Mariana Zorkina: Okay, and your question. 401 01:01:03.360 --> 01:01:08.130 Mariana Zorkina: Could you please elaborate a little on one's attitude towards women, thank you. 402 01:01:14.250 --> 01:01:18.840 Richard Lynn: He was on the one hand, surprised at the. 403 01:01:22.590 --> 01:01:28.230 Richard Lynn: public presence of elite women from elite society. 404 01:01:29.550 --> 01:01:37.230 Richard Lynn: And they had far more of a public presence in Japan than in China. 405 01:01:39.120 --> 01:01:42.540 Richard Lynn: The collection of poetry in the. 406 01:01:43.740 --> 01:01:51.720 Richard Lynn: Journal of the real Asiatic society deals with a lot of these things I recommend taking a look at that he. 407 01:01:53.580 --> 01:02:03.990 Richard Lynn: thought it was really great that public education was offered, first of all that there was public education. 408 01:02:06.180 --> 01:02:11.100 Richard Lynn: At the elementary level in those days only but still, it was public and. 409 01:02:13.470 --> 01:02:20.700 Richard Lynn: Universal in Japan, and that this was offered to both boys and girls he thought this was an excellent idea. 410 01:02:22.260 --> 01:02:22.830 Richard Lynn: He. 411 01:02:27.480 --> 01:02:34.080 Richard Lynn: also looked at the dark side of women's existence in Japan prostitution yeah the. 412 01:02:35.820 --> 01:02:38.910 Richard Lynn: entertainment industry in general. 413 01:02:40.500 --> 01:02:46.620 Richard Lynn: And he likened it to that of China and pre modern China and he often. 414 01:02:50.340 --> 01:03:00.570 Richard Lynn: Used traditional forms of of poetry, that the theme of the neglected and abused. 415 01:03:01.980 --> 01:03:02.790 Richard Lynn: maltreated. 416 01:03:04.170 --> 01:03:04.350 Richard Lynn: In. 417 01:03:07.200 --> 01:03:24.570 Richard Lynn: singsong girl in the Chinese tradition and that this happened, also in Japan, and he thought that was pretty awful and so there's there's he explored both the good and the bad side of the status of women in Japan, while he was there. 418 01:03:25.830 --> 01:03:26.340 Richard Lynn: and 419 01:03:28.350 --> 01:03:37.860 Richard Lynn: His progressive views so well I don't know what happened, he he didn't live that much longer and well he died in 19 five. 420 01:03:39.060 --> 01:03:46.140 Richard Lynn: And 1898 he was in Beijing, he had actually arrived there. 421 01:03:47.310 --> 01:03:48.000 Richard Lynn: To be. 422 01:03:49.260 --> 01:03:53.430 Richard Lynn: To have an audience with the gong show Emperor he was going to be appointed the ambassador to Japan. 423 01:03:54.510 --> 01:04:13.500 Richard Lynn: But this happened just before the coup and he was hunted down or hunted like all the other progressive associated with the reform movement, but he was hidden in the home of a Japanese diplomat totally the worst of the. 424 01:04:15.300 --> 01:04:20.100 Richard Lynn: purge was over, and then he was told to go home. 425 01:04:21.570 --> 01:04:25.080 Richard Lynn: To me, Joe and in one on. 426 01:04:26.280 --> 01:04:37.350 Richard Lynn: quantum and just stay there, and not get involved in in politics over again, and he died just what six years later, seven years later. 427 01:04:45.150 --> 01:05:03.570 Mariana Zorkina: Okay, thank you, and there is a follow up question, though perhaps there is no definite answer de la Japanese women or those in school learn Kung fu in one day also about readership of wants poetry did women have access to it. 428 01:05:05.760 --> 01:05:10.080 Mariana Zorkina: You start the last part good women have access to portray. 429 01:05:10.800 --> 01:05:11.940 Richard Lynn: to portray. 430 01:05:12.420 --> 01:05:12.960 Yes. 431 01:05:14.730 --> 01:05:15.210 Mariana Zorkina: well. 432 01:05:15.360 --> 01:05:15.660 I. 433 01:05:17.070 --> 01:05:27.330 Richard Lynn: There was a high degree of literacy among educated people, including women in Japan and many were poets themselves and walk up poetry. 434 01:05:29.640 --> 01:05:32.220 Richard Lynn: Good Japanese style poetry. 435 01:05:34.020 --> 01:05:54.510 Richard Lynn: And, of course, they there's a long tradition of of literacy, the first novel again GMO got it the tail again she was written by a woman that's in the 10th century he lead women in Japan did rather well not so well under all the military. 436 01:05:56.430 --> 01:05:58.470 Richard Lynn: shortcuts but. 437 01:05:59.880 --> 01:06:00.510 Richard Lynn: There are many. 438 01:06:02.580 --> 01:06:10.110 Richard Lynn: Japanese women who were involved in the reforms and the development of modern education in. 439 01:06:11.340 --> 01:06:21.060 Richard Lynn: Japan, that this I read I write about this to some extent in that religious society journal issue article. 440 01:06:23.400 --> 01:06:24.390 Richard Lynn: The. 441 01:06:26.730 --> 01:06:29.580 Richard Lynn: I don't know what the curriculum was for. 442 01:06:31.260 --> 01:06:31.770 Richard Lynn: The. 443 01:06:32.910 --> 01:06:48.510 Richard Lynn: women's teachers college I would assume that they would have to read cotton blend material, because there was so much of everything was being still written in it at that time. 444 01:06:50.850 --> 01:06:55.080 Richard Lynn: and continued to be so into the 20th century. 445 01:06:56.160 --> 01:07:02.250 Richard Lynn: And there were already Japanese women writers involved with the with major. 446 01:07:03.510 --> 01:07:13.260 Richard Lynn: Development of modern fiction short stories journalism and so forth, so there's lots going on for women, then in the mid year. 447 01:07:21.330 --> 01:07:21.990 Mariana Zorkina: Thank you. 448 01:07:24.300 --> 01:07:24.750 Mariana Zorkina: and 449 01:07:27.990 --> 01:07:33.360 Mariana Zorkina: i'll allow several more minutes for people to come up with new questions and meanwhile. 450 01:07:34.620 --> 01:07:45.690 Mariana Zorkina: Let me advertise a bit so starting seventh of October, we will be starting in you imagine block in methods of technology. 451 01:07:46.230 --> 01:07:55.230 Mariana Zorkina: And it is called, working with manuscripts so we have two wonderful speakers for the block which is double chin. 452 01:07:56.070 --> 01:08:16.560 Mariana Zorkina: And inbred ambush and they will talk about setting early bump attacks and medieval manuscripts so all are welcome to register for that, and please just pay attention that to first lectures by double chin are going to be two hours earlier than usual. 453 01:08:19.470 --> 01:08:24.570 Mariana Zorkina: Yes, and the link to the registration is in the chat. 454 01:08:26.310 --> 01:08:33.150 Mariana Zorkina: i'm a question for me this time will future talks be also accessible online to. 455 01:08:34.350 --> 01:08:47.490 Mariana Zorkina: Our plan is to record all of the lectures and they will be posted on the event pages on the website, just like with this lecture is is also recorded and will be posted. 456 01:08:47.940 --> 01:08:58.080 Mariana Zorkina: But please understand that some of the lectures might not agree to record the lecture so we can't promise that everything will be recorded. 457 01:09:05.520 --> 01:09:06.570 Mariana Zorkina: Let me see. 458 01:09:18.480 --> 01:09:25.290 Richard Lynn: If I made a few general remarks about Japanese psychology would that be appropriate at this point. 459 01:09:25.350 --> 01:09:28.200 Mariana Zorkina: But yes please, please, it would be really interesting. 460 01:09:29.700 --> 01:09:30.300 Richard Lynn: um. 461 01:09:35.430 --> 01:09:39.450 Richard Lynn: during the 1960s, when I was. 462 01:09:40.470 --> 01:09:41.580 Richard Lynn: preparing my. 463 01:09:42.870 --> 01:09:43.500 Richard Lynn: PhD. 464 01:09:45.630 --> 01:09:46.200 Richard Lynn: and 465 01:09:48.090 --> 01:09:49.350 Richard Lynn: It was the. 466 01:09:52.230 --> 01:09:54.360 Richard Lynn: Sorry, I should turn this off. 467 01:09:55.800 --> 01:09:56.400 Richard Lynn: It was. 468 01:09:59.160 --> 01:10:09.240 Richard Lynn: Well i'm a dual citizen of US and Canada, but, at the time in the 60s, I was a US citizen only and there was no way I could go to mainland China. 469 01:10:10.320 --> 01:10:11.580 Richard Lynn: And anyway, the. 470 01:10:13.290 --> 01:10:31.620 Richard Lynn: It was the dark when her dog arming and and there was universities were closed libraries were closed and there didn't seem much pointing going there anyway So what does one do for language training and those days. 471 01:10:32.760 --> 01:10:33.390 Richard Lynn: The. 472 01:10:35.970 --> 01:10:44.910 Richard Lynn: So I went to Taiwan to the inner university Center administrate that then by Stanford University, which was on the. 473 01:10:46.680 --> 01:10:50.820 Richard Lynn: Thai campus the national Taiwan university campus. 474 01:10:52.860 --> 01:10:58.500 Richard Lynn: But another thing that many people my contemporaries did was to go to Japan. 475 01:10:59.880 --> 01:11:02.670 Richard Lynn: And particular to go to Kyoto to the. 476 01:11:04.890 --> 01:11:12.630 Richard Lynn: humanistic sciences research Center at kilter interesting he the jinn been kinda cookie jar the. 477 01:11:15.450 --> 01:11:17.670 Richard Lynn: Then, when cush a young Joe saw. 478 01:11:18.840 --> 01:11:19.740 Richard Lynn: and 479 01:11:20.880 --> 01:11:24.120 Richard Lynn: The whole generation which I belong. 480 01:11:26.640 --> 01:11:33.840 Richard Lynn: Did did that, so we got a lot of our training from Japanese scholars. 481 01:11:36.930 --> 01:11:54.660 Richard Lynn: And they were rather great scholars and the people there at the gym one which we call the red one for short the gentleman was yoshi color code zero Tanaka kenji area y'all should talk on people like that and. 482 01:11:55.830 --> 01:12:05.070 Richard Lynn: The erudition of these people was considerable I also enjoyed working there because in those days, my Japanese wasn't all that good. 483 01:12:06.180 --> 01:12:14.400 Richard Lynn: But all those Japanese professors all spoke beautiful Beijing haha they had all been trained in the old days and. 484 01:12:15.480 --> 01:12:20.670 Richard Lynn: In those days they Ping and they could speak Chinese wonderfully. 485 01:12:22.650 --> 01:12:28.500 Richard Lynn: So I could speak Chinese, which I found easier and then, by the way. 486 01:12:29.520 --> 01:12:34.680 Richard Lynn: about the quality of of of of. 487 01:12:35.940 --> 01:12:39.000 Richard Lynn: poetry written by Japanese Chinese poetry. 488 01:12:40.140 --> 01:12:41.400 Richard Lynn: yoshi color coded all. 489 01:12:44.040 --> 01:12:47.010 Richard Lynn: published his collected Chinese poems. 490 01:12:48.060 --> 01:12:51.900 Richard Lynn: After he retired, I guess, he was in his early 70s. 491 01:12:53.220 --> 01:12:58.650 Richard Lynn: And he gave a copy to my own teacher leroy you. 492 01:12:59.910 --> 01:13:00.480 Richard Lynn: and 493 01:13:02.640 --> 01:13:13.260 Richard Lynn: This was after i'd come back to the United States and was at Stanford, and so I I asked Professor Leo what he thought he said oh they're they're very, very good. 494 01:13:15.570 --> 01:13:27.930 Richard Lynn: So this the quality of engagement with Chinese high culture by these people and your pseudo code euro he was a 20th century figure. 495 01:13:29.490 --> 01:13:32.970 Richard Lynn: You know, a generation and a half, at least later than ones from Shanghai. 496 01:13:34.140 --> 01:13:39.480 Richard Lynn: Well, anyway, we we people have that ability demise and other. 497 01:13:41.730 --> 01:13:49.590 Richard Lynn: Contemporary who got trained and Kyoto Jonathan chaves is another one john Francois tear and. 498 01:13:50.970 --> 01:13:56.160 Richard Lynn: was never in Geneva for for many years, did the same. 499 01:13:57.780 --> 01:13:59.670 Richard Lynn: Though john Francois was quite quite. 500 01:14:01.020 --> 01:14:03.330 Richard Lynn: interesting because he had just come from China. 501 01:14:04.350 --> 01:14:05.070 Richard Lynn: where he had. 502 01:14:06.090 --> 01:14:10.080 Richard Lynn: gone through the cultural REP a lot of the Cultural Revolution and. 503 01:14:11.370 --> 01:14:13.470 Richard Lynn: Then came out to study in Kyoto. 504 01:14:14.610 --> 01:14:15.990 Richard Lynn: Anyway, the. 505 01:14:17.010 --> 01:14:33.630 Richard Lynn: The requirements in those days, also favorite learning Japanese psychology we were required at Stanford for the PhD to do three years of modern Japanese I don't know if that requirement is still in place, but it proved very, very useful. 506 01:14:35.220 --> 01:14:35.760 Richard Lynn: and 507 01:14:37.590 --> 01:14:44.790 Richard Lynn: Of course it's a way for non Chinese who don't get a traditional Chinese education. 508 01:14:47.160 --> 01:14:58.830 Richard Lynn: A an effect a leg up kind of a boost to kind of catch up with our Chinese colleagues and how to deal with this immense literary tradition. 509 01:14:59.640 --> 01:15:16.260 Richard Lynn: There is a certain control that the Japanese have over it, that I think many would find quite useful I remember discussing this with Donald holtzman will also learned most of his psychology in Japan. 510 01:15:18.360 --> 01:15:21.510 Richard Lynn: In the 19 late 40s and early 50s. 511 01:15:23.160 --> 01:15:29.460 Richard Lynn: And holtzman said well the Japanese study Chinese, the way we do it only they're much better at it. 512 01:15:34.620 --> 01:15:40.920 Richard Lynn: But there's some general observations and i'm glad to see that many Chinese young Chinese scholars are. 513 01:15:42.060 --> 01:15:44.850 Richard Lynn: Getting PhDs in Japanese universities. 514 01:15:45.150 --> 01:16:02.220 Richard Lynn: they're getting jobs in Japanese universities and one of our closest young friends is tumbling at Nanjing dasha who specializes in non be child literature and literary theory and poetry. 515 01:16:03.570 --> 01:16:04.650 Richard Lynn: He had the. 516 01:16:06.720 --> 01:16:10.320 Richard Lynn: wonderful experience in Kyoto and now he is. 517 01:16:12.120 --> 01:16:12.990 Richard Lynn: Making his mark. 518 01:16:14.820 --> 01:16:31.620 Richard Lynn: On that particular field and consumption has been well studied in Japan, but he also is studied quite often in China, for various reasons, both connected with Japan and and with the modern literary movement. 519 01:16:32.670 --> 01:16:38.610 Richard Lynn: Ironically, on promoted by literature, but he did so, entirely in guru and. 520 01:16:39.870 --> 01:16:41.610 Richard Lynn: He didn't write it and by himself. 521 01:16:43.110 --> 01:16:45.870 Richard Lynn: And then don't forget or if you don't know. 522 01:16:47.310 --> 01:17:03.060 Richard Lynn: When it was still hundred asha now that's the amalgamated jojo dasha there was a group quite active in studying Chinese Japanese cultural relations and they published a large series in the 1990s and early. 523 01:17:05.040 --> 01:17:05.940 Richard Lynn: Part of this century. 524 01:17:07.740 --> 01:17:14.040 Richard Lynn: Working works on all aspects of Chinese Japanese pre modern and early modern cultural relations. 525 01:17:20.130 --> 01:17:21.600 Richard Lynn: Well, there. 526 01:17:22.800 --> 01:17:24.270 Yes, thank you. 527 01:17:26.100 --> 01:17:30.810 Mariana Zorkina: There is one more follow up question and I think this will be the last for today. 528 01:17:33.180 --> 01:17:42.180 Mariana Zorkina: Please has one express your views on women Japanese or Chinese writing poetry or literature, thank you. 529 01:17:43.050 --> 01:17:44.250 Richard Lynn: No, I don't. 530 01:17:44.490 --> 01:17:45.480 Richard Lynn: know if any. 531 01:17:49.860 --> 01:17:53.430 Richard Lynn: I think in his some of the. 532 01:17:54.660 --> 01:18:02.820 Richard Lynn: pros parts of the poems where he deals with the Japanese tradition of Chinese poetry. 533 01:18:04.530 --> 01:18:05.340 Richard Lynn: Few. 534 01:18:06.390 --> 01:18:11.730 Richard Lynn: crunchy women poets appear, but they just appear in a list. 535 01:18:13.170 --> 01:18:16.920 Richard Lynn: But he doesn't say anything about them, these are long lists. 536 01:18:18.120 --> 01:18:18.570 Richard Lynn: Of. 537 01:18:20.550 --> 01:18:24.720 Richard Lynn: The important poets through time, especially those of the major era. 538 01:18:25.890 --> 01:18:30.390 Richard Lynn: But he doesn't say anything about them in particular class. 539 01:18:36.570 --> 01:18:37.020 Okay. 540 01:18:38.550 --> 01:18:57.750 Mariana Zorkina: Thank you, I suggest we end here, so thank you everyone for coming and special thank you to Professor Lynn who agreed to give to talk for us and see you, hopefully in October. 541 01:18:59.880 --> 01:19:13.350 Richard Lynn: Thanks to everyone for attending and thank you for the questions and I hope the things i've said might be useful to release interesting occasion yes. 542 01:19:13.620 --> 01:19:14.760 Mariana Zorkina: Okay, well, thank you. 543 01:19:15.510 --> 01:19:15.870 bye bye.