WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.420 --> 00:00:01.709 Bryce Heatherly: plan to address. 2 00:00:02.820 --> 00:00:17.550 Bryce Heatherly: plan to address those questions at the end of this lecture along with any other new questions that people might have so if you have already asked the question, then please stick around to the end and there will be a conversation. 3 00:00:19.619 --> 00:00:28.440 Bryce Heatherly: So when we get to the Q amp a part, you can either you know type your question in the chat or, if you prefer, raise your hand and will allow you. 4 00:00:29.790 --> 00:00:44.070 Bryce Heatherly: To turn your camera on your microphone and you can ask the question verbally and also, you will probably have noticed that we are recording the event, so if you don't want to appear on video, for any reason, you can just type your question in chat and we'll read it for you. 5 00:00:45.780 --> 00:00:46.890 Bryce Heatherly: So why don't we wait. 6 00:00:48.240 --> 00:00:54.060 Bryce Heatherly: One or two more minutes I think there's a few people still trickling in, and then we can get started. 7 00:02:43.740 --> 00:02:47.520 Bryce Heatherly: Okay, I think, maybe we can start yeah says it's five minutes after. 8 00:02:48.630 --> 00:02:58.470 Bryce Heatherly: Magdalena has shared a handout in the chat if you're interested, you can look at this, while the lecture is going on it's available on the website so. 9 00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:12.570 Bryce Heatherly: Welcome to grammar of classical Chinese between philology and type ology, this is the second lecture in November block of methods in psychology lecture series focusing on the topic of historical linguistics. 10 00:03:14.070 --> 00:03:25.020 Bryce Heatherly: methods in psychology is a lecture series organized through the Institute of Asian and oriental studies at the University of Zurich and the East Asian languages and civilizations department at the University of Pennsylvania. 11 00:03:26.400 --> 00:03:29.880 Bryce Heatherly: The aim of this series is to organize a virtual space where specialist. 12 00:03:31.980 --> 00:03:40.230 Bryce Heatherly: In ranges sub fields of saying ology can share their methodologies and their specific tools and methods they've adopted to approach research problems. 13 00:03:41.220 --> 00:03:48.930 Bryce Heatherly: I think the organizers mariano's or Tina and Madeline a police, who are also here the methods and technology lecture series would not be possible without their work. 14 00:03:50.340 --> 00:04:06.780 Bryce Heatherly: My name is bryce heather Lee i'm a PhD candidate at the University of Pennsylvania, and I work, mainly on our material culture, mainly from the middle period of China so tongue song transition and I will be the chair for this lecture given by Dr Lucas the dropper. 15 00:04:08.610 --> 00:04:14.850 Bryce Heatherly: And because of a technical glitch last week, I did not have a chance to introduce our speaker properly so take the chance to do that now. 16 00:04:17.190 --> 00:04:31.920 Bryce Heatherly: Dr is a drop a completed his doctorate at Charles University in Prague, where he is currently head of the Department of psychology he is a specialist in historical linguistics of classical Chinese theories and histories of Chinese writing and ancient Chinese literature and philosophy. 17 00:04:32.970 --> 00:04:40.020 Bryce Heatherly: Doctors a drop of lectures on linguistics and translation and has published works include translations of the shins and the data. 18 00:04:40.950 --> 00:04:50.070 Bryce Heatherly: Is book word class flexibility and classical Chinese verbal and adverb ego uses of nouns which we were introduced to during last week's lecture. 19 00:04:50.580 --> 00:05:00.780 Bryce Heatherly: was published by brill in 2011 and examines the infamous issue of worthless flexibility, drawing on his strong theoretical background in cognitive linguistics. 20 00:05:02.400 --> 00:05:08.940 Bryce Heatherly: So those who have listened to these lectures and want to learn more about ancient Chinese grammar and syntax word classes. 21 00:05:09.240 --> 00:05:21.360 Bryce Heatherly: As well as sources on early inscriptions and excavated texts are also encouraged to check out doctors a drop was wonderful entry in Oxford bibliography in Chinese studies which is titled the ancient Chinese language. 22 00:05:23.310 --> 00:05:29.880 Bryce Heatherly: So with that I invite everyone to join me in welcoming stuck because the Java shop I hand it over to you. 23 00:05:31.410 --> 00:05:32.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Thank you very much. 24 00:05:33.810 --> 00:05:34.860 For introduction. 25 00:05:36.480 --> 00:05:39.120 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Storm it was very fine. 26 00:05:40.920 --> 00:05:44.880 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We don't have any technical problems so just. 27 00:05:46.320 --> 00:05:47.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: jump back to. 28 00:05:48.270 --> 00:05:50.580 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The base are I stopped next time. 29 00:05:51.750 --> 00:05:52.860 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I have made a. 30 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:55.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: New handled because. 31 00:05:57.390 --> 00:06:02.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: According to the pace of the talk last time so. 32 00:06:04.950 --> 00:06:05.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I. 33 00:06:06.990 --> 00:06:09.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So i'll show you my screen again. 34 00:06:23.130 --> 00:06:23.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: that's. 35 00:06:25.440 --> 00:06:25.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is this. 36 00:06:28.380 --> 00:06:29.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This one. 37 00:06:31.890 --> 00:06:35.700 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Right anticipated some dissipated some. 38 00:06:38.160 --> 00:06:39.510 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Problems or. 39 00:06:41.250 --> 00:06:55.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: deficiencies with my former former military then say that for them, and also, I have a short section regarding the question that were that were asked, during my roku or after my talk so. 40 00:06:57.900 --> 00:06:59.010 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: we'll continue. 41 00:07:01.500 --> 00:07:05.610 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: With grammar of classical Chinese with measuring degree of normalization. 42 00:07:08.250 --> 00:07:08.730 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I. 43 00:07:10.350 --> 00:07:11.100 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: showed you. 44 00:07:12.420 --> 00:07:32.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: to debase last time and I spoke about the role it plays in this this research is kind of research and but I did not work with it to to find good examples phenomenal analyzed verbs I was speaking about the it's. 45 00:07:33.450 --> 00:07:45.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: it's character character of the of the database that it is a very sophisticated sophisticated system, but it is not a corpus, it is not an annotated corpus is this. 46 00:07:46.740 --> 00:07:50.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The system is very fine grained. 47 00:07:51.900 --> 00:07:58.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The most sophisticated one, but there is no systematic tagging there but. 48 00:07:59.910 --> 00:08:07.440 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is very I would say it is a haphazard sometimes sometimes one of the advisors comes across a. 49 00:08:09.090 --> 00:08:18.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: sentence with a with an interesting the construction and so he thinks that it is that it would be nice if it would be attributed in the system so. 50 00:08:18.990 --> 00:08:33.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Some some texts are an alarmist various systematic way, but other text only just few words in a chapter and so on, so it is, it is, it can be used for. 51 00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:42.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Statistical research, and so, but one can one can look for good examples of certain categories so and I, and I. 52 00:08:43.650 --> 00:08:47.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Try to you know find some some of these so I. 53 00:08:48.900 --> 00:09:03.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In that case I looked for special category an A, B, you know I talked about last time as well already, which is an abstract noun and with the semantic category X action, action on. 54 00:09:08.280 --> 00:09:18.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This an A, B means that is mono monosyllabic word but for for normalized Moses not normalized verbs one can try. 55 00:09:18.780 --> 00:09:25.290 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: searching for the synthetic category in NPA a B, which is non phrased abstract noun phrase which. 56 00:09:26.100 --> 00:09:45.750 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which in its core is a sentence minimized sentence, so this is sort of another label or syntactic category one can what can use, and then I was trying to find examples where the given verbal civilized but there were, and there was a. 57 00:09:47.730 --> 00:09:57.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The agent or patient of the original work was coded as a as a as its possessor that means likes. 58 00:09:58.350 --> 00:10:05.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Like one just seeing what the status is the kings behavior so I try to find a find out these cases, for example, of. 59 00:10:07.080 --> 00:10:22.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This so called object genitive and subdue genitive in classical Chinese so one can search for this special function of jerk I will show you I will show immediately yeah I think before I. 60 00:10:23.850 --> 00:10:29.730 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Go on i'll just switch switch to. 61 00:10:31.980 --> 00:10:35.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: switch to trs once again. 62 00:10:37.230 --> 00:10:37.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: and 63 00:10:38.700 --> 00:10:44.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And so, this you can browse here is this browse function human on can. 64 00:10:46.140 --> 00:11:03.720 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: concert concert that movies, with us, as seen on in groups characters this like a dictionary and syntactic functioning semantic features and also rhetorical devices, which is a unique feature of this database course is the hops Mars. 65 00:11:05.100 --> 00:11:06.000 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: has been. 66 00:11:07.050 --> 00:11:08.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: very much interested in. 67 00:11:10.680 --> 00:11:24.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: rhetorics in ancient China Ancient Greece as well, so that's why it is here and, for example, the analytics and alexa and Elias I think completely for rhetorical devices, so I can recommend it. 68 00:11:25.170 --> 00:11:34.380 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: To you, but let's let's choose this syntactic functions and we can try to do for this label and a B. 69 00:11:37.230 --> 00:11:38.490 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which. 70 00:11:47.610 --> 00:11:48.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: An a B. 71 00:11:51.390 --> 00:11:59.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And I think that there must be some technical problem here, because we are only several several. 72 00:12:00.900 --> 00:12:03.060 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: words here, you can see that this. 73 00:12:05.280 --> 00:12:07.740 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Extremely many distribution is that means that. 74 00:12:08.790 --> 00:12:19.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Some that somebody found somewhere in a text good example of an abstract noun and and connected it with a system so attributed attributed. 75 00:12:21.060 --> 00:12:21.600 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This. 76 00:12:23.070 --> 00:12:41.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: analytic label with a concrete concrete occurrence or word in attacks and, for example, we can see here, for example, that we have whether say is an A, B fee fee truth here an A, B act that's what we are looking for it, it means that really is. 77 00:12:43.770 --> 00:12:50.100 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: cause, it is, it is available, but it can be known as well, no mineralized expression. 78 00:12:51.300 --> 00:13:07.350 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Or the deliverable noun actually known and with a meaningful about a future, I think it is a bit in precise because it is actually not an action, action on because it is not the very action or thinking, but it is a. 79 00:13:09.120 --> 00:13:24.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: mixture of the very process of thinking, but also the things that are fought about is, I would say, so it is not a pure action on, for example, or we have a, for example, for this. 80 00:13:25.860 --> 00:13:37.170 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I say adjectives because I think there is, and there is a with class of entities inclusively Chinese by for for pls there, there are only nouns and verbs in this in in the. 81 00:13:39.900 --> 00:13:43.740 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: domain of the empty or sorry have. 82 00:13:44.760 --> 00:13:53.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: A full full words or adjectives are coded normally as verbs in transitive verbs but here, you can see, it is a, it is an abstract known. 83 00:13:54.990 --> 00:14:08.700 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: meaning, this is a feature, so it is an abstract the notation of the property, so the fact of being far away of it can be even a distance and so on, so this is this is, this is the first possibility. 84 00:14:09.690 --> 00:14:22.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One can one can try many other combinations where this Mary had this is pure pure and the simplest simplest notation for an isolated. 85 00:14:22.470 --> 00:14:40.650 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That object known, but of course this technology can be in various constructions it can be an object of a rabbit can be it can be, for example, predicate nominal predicate it can be a nominal modifier and so on and so on can get and web, it will build modifier and so on can try. 86 00:14:42.870 --> 00:14:48.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Try anything, for example, here we have to say he is this. 87 00:14:49.440 --> 00:14:50.790 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which is itself. 88 00:14:52.290 --> 00:15:02.550 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: there's no connection on, but it is about this abstract noun to say for for the mind be made for the moment being we can we can have a look at this one particle work. 89 00:15:03.210 --> 00:15:14.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And you can see that it can be used very clearly, this is a at V that needs a variable modification, by means of rectitude acting in accordance with the duty and we can have a look that bad. 90 00:15:15.570 --> 00:15:26.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Where this word in this bed is word in this function particle function, where it occurs, ladies initial Ian eaten to hold the district issued he made a feudal lords into folders or his. 91 00:15:27.480 --> 00:15:38.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So there are many, there are many possibilities here, but of course it is, it cannot be said to be automated, it is a just just. 92 00:15:40.800 --> 00:15:54.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: justin nice support, but one has to go manually through all these labels and to store them out, but still I think is very, very useful, we can we can try to search for this. 93 00:15:56.550 --> 00:15:58.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: PA be with. 94 00:16:01.140 --> 00:16:16.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Supplementary symbol for sentence and again, this is the construction of verbal phrase boss, this is normalized normalized sentence, so we can have a look, for example, for this. 95 00:16:17.610 --> 00:16:18.330 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is not. 96 00:16:23.760 --> 00:16:31.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I cannot see any good examples there, it is not a good example here can have a look, or the pure the simplest label. 97 00:16:34.260 --> 00:16:36.840 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: You can see example here. 98 00:16:40.590 --> 00:17:00.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Let me show here rebuild found transitive verbs which take normalized sentence says objects or now we are not looking for the sentences themselves, but for the verbs verbs that govern them, so we can see, for example, is to be afraid don't be scared and we. 99 00:17:01.920 --> 00:17:18.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We expect that we will find the domain is was after this verb so let's say there are so many are there are so many examples here can see that you have this to to be afraid that something is happening so. 100 00:17:19.200 --> 00:17:26.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: or something will happen and afraid he will increase the these old, and so, and so on, so we can. 101 00:17:27.570 --> 00:17:28.650 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can also. 102 00:17:30.060 --> 00:17:38.790 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: draw on this material as well just illustrative examples, of course, no, no, no statistics and the last one. 103 00:17:39.870 --> 00:17:40.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is this. 104 00:17:42.870 --> 00:17:51.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And the simplest way I do it is to go through the through some kind of text. 105 00:17:52.500 --> 00:17:58.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, that my sins are and look at the particle June which. 106 00:18:03.870 --> 00:18:04.860 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So let us. 107 00:18:06.240 --> 00:18:10.800 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Wait a minute, this is always the worst step that takes. 108 00:18:12.270 --> 00:18:13.170 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The most time. 109 00:18:17.940 --> 00:18:21.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I told Chris develops many times, it is a bit frustrating but. 110 00:18:23.010 --> 00:18:27.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Maybe it is, it cannot be done anything with this, as it is. 111 00:18:32.970 --> 00:18:33.840 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: open to Labor. 112 00:18:36.990 --> 00:18:39.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is, I hope it is not my fault. 113 00:18:40.650 --> 00:18:42.360 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: or my my computer. 114 00:18:51.690 --> 00:18:58.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So from for some reason this takes too much time, so maybe i'll ask this one, we can we can come to this later. 115 00:18:59.370 --> 00:19:04.350 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: i'm not sure why why this doesn't why doesn't work. 116 00:19:06.240 --> 00:19:06.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Maybe. 117 00:19:08.940 --> 00:19:11.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Computer so loaded all the Internet here. 118 00:19:13.260 --> 00:19:14.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So let's. 119 00:19:15.420 --> 00:19:16.020 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: let's. 120 00:19:17.520 --> 00:19:21.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Go back to my my PowerPoint presentation. 121 00:19:22.230 --> 00:19:22.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Well, but. 122 00:19:23.880 --> 00:19:36.330 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Certainly simply the general message is that this database can be used for these purposes right fruitful, but I, because we were talking about this. 123 00:19:36.810 --> 00:19:45.600 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Week minimization or slight minimization is that one but maybe it's much better to speak about week normalization and strong criminalisation. 124 00:19:46.470 --> 00:20:03.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which is a kind of scale that was something I emphasized that this is in fact there are many grades of immunizations degrees of criminalization to me, he should and could could and should measure them because so so that we are able to understand the language more precisely. 125 00:20:04.890 --> 00:20:08.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: On one side, this is this syntax lot syntax like phenomena. 126 00:20:10.050 --> 00:20:19.740 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And purists index, and the other side, on the other hand, we have this lexicon like processes which, instead of inflection. 127 00:20:20.790 --> 00:20:28.440 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: can be described as with formation, in fact, so this is the quantity continuum between syntax and lexicon I would say. 128 00:20:29.670 --> 00:20:34.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And here we have some terms that are very often used. 129 00:20:36.870 --> 00:20:44.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: on this scale, first of all we have is balanced, balanced predicate is balanced sentences are balanced verbs which simply are. 130 00:20:45.330 --> 00:20:52.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Independent independent sentences domain predicates without any sense of your dependence or inventing whatever. 131 00:20:53.670 --> 00:21:14.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Then we have these during verbs but still still verbs I would say let's make no minimization and strong normalization and maybe the most, the best way to how to speak about it is to say that this kind this kind of verbs are normal verbs balance verbs, then we have subordination as. 132 00:21:19.980 --> 00:21:32.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I don't know what is Christopher or kiska with his book on subordination, so this is all expressions that still has the variable core but, in essence, it is already. 133 00:21:32.700 --> 00:21:47.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Somewhat normalized what is unlimited causes and so on, then we had this strong immunization is the real normalization which, which refers only to really pure pure announced or clear nouns. 134 00:21:48.540 --> 00:21:52.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: and not to drums and infinitives and so on, or, for example. 135 00:21:55.200 --> 00:22:08.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, component component causes what I say and i'm going to mineralization we have various kinds of normalization year fictions as we talked about it last time, for example, this run and run. 136 00:22:09.480 --> 00:22:27.420 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which means or how to hunt and have this extra noun is known that that denotes the that activity as a kind of abstract thing then we have moodle know ordinance or elections, in fact, and he saw. 137 00:22:28.740 --> 00:22:36.420 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It really majority of actions, because usually the noun doesn't mean the man, it is really. 138 00:22:37.440 --> 00:23:01.920 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is a real noun and a note on kind of infinitive that usually it means not only the activity itself, but the way, something is is done so, for example here and seeing, seeing as it's not just acting, but it is a kind of behavior usual and very often in meet simply good behavior or. 139 00:23:04.350 --> 00:23:13.410 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: elegant behavior and so on, and then we have also agent noms, for example in means to govern but only governor with a say. 140 00:23:14.070 --> 00:23:29.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We have this patient mobilizations was we had to a twang to transmit in one document, something that is transmitted and instrument nouns as well, we have this war, which means to measure, but we have an instrument noun to. 141 00:23:30.660 --> 00:23:47.760 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: measure or a standard, so these kind of organizations are relatively relatively different from this kind of meeting immunization which we we preferably would call subordination, so I think that's. 142 00:23:48.780 --> 00:24:02.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Actually, that was my That was my introduction to my first dog that people tend to speak about mineralization are in very different ways, with very different meanings or I think he may be should. 143 00:24:05.100 --> 00:24:06.330 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: make this more orderly. 144 00:24:07.920 --> 00:24:09.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Here I. 145 00:24:11.520 --> 00:24:12.540 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There are some. 146 00:24:13.620 --> 00:24:26.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: examples from English that is blend this they hunt, or they are hunting is subordination is that they hunt or the deer hunting so many week immunization, then we have them hunting, which is a bit more normalized. 147 00:24:28.530 --> 00:24:45.540 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Then, then we have their hunting, which is already coming close to a real real action on this kind of hunting and the last stage of normalization this real economic haunt as a noun and for classical Chinese we can. 148 00:24:47.040 --> 00:24:47.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Sorry. 149 00:24:50.460 --> 00:25:00.540 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: i'm close which are some kind of parallel examples to that English British English scale, but English is the language that is that has a very. 150 00:25:01.440 --> 00:25:07.590 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: very fine grained scale of normalization in most other languages, there are. 151 00:25:08.370 --> 00:25:24.720 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There are less possible positions on this scale, because they are not differentiated distinguished by more for syntax or morphology so, for example, for classical Chinese I have this is three positions that he has balanced once engine the king in explicit is very. 152 00:25:26.130 --> 00:25:28.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Good English translations for sorry for that. 153 00:25:29.610 --> 00:25:38.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Then we have this during subordinated where you have, for example, wondrous Indonesia shani the way the king in exploiters is fine that is seeing. 154 00:25:39.270 --> 00:25:59.490 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: is still verb, but it is already during which can be seen on this journey which makes it dependent this this one Center becomes a dependent claws and it becomes the topic of the sentence, the kings enacting policies is fine, would be maybe more precise translation. 155 00:26:00.690 --> 00:26:19.260 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And then the last stage is normalized lexical is where we have this one just seeing Chung when we heard, we can see that it is, it is more for jiggly mark by the suffix s which evolved in the fourth on now, so we have this one you're seeing the kings behavior is fine. 156 00:26:23.280 --> 00:26:35.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And i'm just seeing can mean the kings behavior but also the kings good behavior, which is already lexical eyes feature of that already well entrenched non So this is the last stage. 157 00:26:36.510 --> 00:26:47.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can see, we can say, of course, also one scene from the behavior of kings kings is fine, this one thing tends to be a compound or. 158 00:26:47.820 --> 00:27:04.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Instead of a instead of over the middle phrase, and we could even translate this this particular synthesis kingly behavior is fine, so, then, is another step in this process of the globalization of. 159 00:27:04.680 --> 00:27:18.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The origin over but seem to go and find the cause actively to enact so, so there is something I wanted to emphasize once again that we have this to the scale and. 160 00:27:19.440 --> 00:27:25.650 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That we may be sure should speak about subordination and innovation, a separate issues. 161 00:27:27.390 --> 00:27:44.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One thing that seems to be universal universal to and psychologists describe these phenomenons, including the book on subordination and normalization by is to follow and the sky Tom, we can see that. 162 00:27:46.260 --> 00:27:58.380 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Then, the more the more normalized purpose, the more different coding participants of the action can be seen. 163 00:27:58.980 --> 00:28:18.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: First of all, the maybe a reduction of participants, because when various competing online and analyze it usually cannot retain its original Valencia structure so maybe there will be only the agent or the patient, but usually usually it does not allow. 164 00:28:19.500 --> 00:28:29.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For an agent and patient instruments to to occur within them analyzed but at the same time, usually there are some restrictions, so this is a. 165 00:28:30.150 --> 00:28:39.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Reduction of participants, and then we have different coding participants, you can I have a feeling which is here against English. 166 00:28:39.930 --> 00:28:59.310 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Latin and trainings We can see this these various stages organization, we had this agent nation in the hunt house or they are hunting hunting has subject of a is in nominative and it is very real subject and our dear friend accusative object. 167 00:29:00.660 --> 00:29:05.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which cody's agent and patient in English, in a normal sentence. 168 00:29:06.360 --> 00:29:08.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Here we have this kind of. 169 00:29:09.150 --> 00:29:17.730 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And that they are hunting has this is the same, so this is the weakest mineralization what still already a slight minimization to subordination. 170 00:29:18.060 --> 00:29:29.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: yeah in a sense, and then we have this already more pronounced normalization process, and you can see them to hunt house or them hunting, so I. 171 00:29:30.930 --> 00:29:49.350 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: can see them hunting hunting has to say so here the agent the patient stays in accusative that's why we still feel it is a verb and it is available core, but the agent agent is already in that this them instant of they another step, there is that. 172 00:29:51.300 --> 00:30:00.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The patient stays cold it as an accusative object, here it is has been there becomes genitive or processor. 173 00:30:01.350 --> 00:30:07.920 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: they're hunting o'hara's this is already already almost the last stage, and it is. 174 00:30:08.580 --> 00:30:21.060 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is cross linguistically very common that both the agent and patient one of them becomes genitive here English is very special in that sense that it can have to it can. 175 00:30:21.720 --> 00:30:39.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Take to genitive this hunting there and all hairs it can both agent the agent and patients are allowed to to occur, but many languages, do not allow this either, you have the agent or the patient coded as this processor genitive, yes, but this is. 176 00:30:40.980 --> 00:30:43.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: At least it is this, this is. 177 00:30:45.510 --> 00:31:01.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is assertive in politics literature that English is quite special in this respect and the very the very last step is that agent is coded as genitive there. 178 00:31:02.040 --> 00:31:13.920 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But the object is incorporated into a component so near this hair hand either with a hyphen or be noted, usually I think is below the book so sorry for minor mistakes in. 179 00:31:15.510 --> 00:31:17.160 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And some even. 180 00:31:18.720 --> 00:31:32.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Was was mistakes in English and something something similar can be seen on Latin very This is, of course, this is fundamental, a fundamental subject is not. 181 00:31:34.170 --> 00:31:39.990 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: is not necessary here, but it appears, so it is of course in nominative is laborious when outdoors. 182 00:31:41.340 --> 00:31:48.870 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So this is the same he here, he hunts house or his hunting has and in in. 183 00:31:50.160 --> 00:31:59.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Another step in this normalization process is my here, this was infinitive with accusative so we have to accuse it this. 184 00:32:01.140 --> 00:32:15.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One one encodes the agent, and the other encodes deviation and the last the last step is that we have this Nazi which means hunt hunting. 185 00:32:16.470 --> 00:32:18.540 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: or binoculars real nouns. 186 00:32:19.890 --> 00:32:28.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: nouns and then we have the object in a case would be in genitive phlebotomist is all of us. 187 00:32:29.250 --> 00:32:32.310 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But then I doubt that. 188 00:32:33.540 --> 00:32:52.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There can be the agent as well, I think a useless announcer was a bit awkward, but of course now i'm a native speaker so I won't decide now, but I think is a bit strange and in in Chinese, we have a we have a quite similar Smith. 189 00:32:53.910 --> 00:32:57.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: quite similar scale the normal sentence would be. 190 00:32:59.340 --> 00:33:10.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We want to say he he has something has a young says that they'll be zero we're too, because we don't have any any first person to person. 191 00:33:11.490 --> 00:33:31.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For known for the subject over in an independent sentence, but once it gets into the position, for example, of a compliment close, then it can appear as chief so I know so would you to to I know that he has he has so. 192 00:33:32.790 --> 00:33:42.390 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In this case, the agent is coded as genitive legacy genitive or processor, and by the patient still remains the accusative. 193 00:33:42.780 --> 00:33:57.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Normal coding, and it is after the verb, so this is kindness sparkly nominal because we had this tea, but partly still viable, so this is the subordination, you can say this is this we kind of normalization subordination. 194 00:33:59.010 --> 00:34:02.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Nothing changes here, so we don't have any. 195 00:34:03.900 --> 00:34:23.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So it is very, it is not easy to distinguish between subordination and real normalization but in the end, we would have, for example, the component to Leah content hunter and we will that will be very similar to the English example their hair hunt, it would be the same his or their. 196 00:34:24.660 --> 00:34:30.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: hair hunt, so we can see that this kind of parallelism and. 197 00:34:31.470 --> 00:34:40.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: If one if one wishes to look for to look for examples of these processes, it is, it is maybe. 198 00:34:41.490 --> 00:34:42.390 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is maybe. 199 00:34:43.440 --> 00:34:48.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: most appropriate to try an academic Coco Coco chanel come to this. 200 00:34:49.230 --> 00:34:51.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In a while still I will. 201 00:34:52.320 --> 00:35:04.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I will, I am going to speak about this kind of processes very hip we have this just subordination, but not the strongest normalization, we can see that in classical Chinese usually. 202 00:35:06.360 --> 00:35:18.600 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: nothing happens in subordination subordination, except of adding this particle of the dependency that makes this course. 203 00:35:19.620 --> 00:35:40.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Not an independent sentence, but it tends to be independent, the independent sentence into a dependent one, so this is a marker of dependency, but of course it is harmonious with genitive particle and it does give sense and because the fact that the king. 204 00:35:41.250 --> 00:36:04.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That king is that the King killed a dog means also a in a in a sense, it means that King skilling when I saw this parallel process or genitive independent marketing is logical from from PayPal type logical point of view, so we have this is a sentence I I made up because I. 205 00:36:06.780 --> 00:36:23.550 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But I think it is realistic realistic one, so we had this King killed adult with a weapon Indian sister templates so we have this instrument we have this patient Derek object, and we have a look at the compliment or. 206 00:36:25.800 --> 00:36:45.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Look at the contact object, but I see And what if we try to turn this this workshop into a into a or we try to subordinated so the only thing that happens is this this particular but otherwise the coding of the. 207 00:36:47.340 --> 00:37:04.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: agent stays the same the coding, the object stay the same, so it is our students these knock it is still after the verb so we can see this this show is not a noun in a proper sense it is something between verb noun but still it retains the. 208 00:37:06.270 --> 00:37:13.260 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Most of the properties of the verb it can have an instrumental it could have an instrumental. 209 00:37:14.610 --> 00:37:25.560 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: preposition phrase, it can have a normal accusative object, it can it can govern compliment of place, and so on, so one can see that not nothing not. 210 00:37:27.180 --> 00:37:40.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is not not much change here, this can be set miscarry this can be said about the passive sentences as well, we have this change in sha he won the dog was killed by the King, but he had this. 211 00:37:41.100 --> 00:37:49.800 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: marker of passive in classical Chinese and the same the same process with the same the same results. 212 00:37:50.880 --> 00:38:03.780 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: applies to this so in classical Chinese I would say that maybe it is not this agent patient disseminating role that are really sensitive, but it is the subject or object here. 213 00:38:07.320 --> 00:38:17.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And because here, this one is the agent, and here is the patient, he is skilled, but the coding coding is the same in In both cases, so. 214 00:38:18.810 --> 00:38:29.670 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is, it is not clear enough that we should concentrate on ourselves on, for example, though semantic roles, but we should take this. 215 00:38:30.900 --> 00:38:40.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: grammatical rules is synthetic rolls into consideration as well, so not to not to ignore subject and object and so on. 216 00:38:43.260 --> 00:38:47.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: yeah I have some examples I can think of. 217 00:38:49.590 --> 00:38:59.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Where we had this Leah or shop, it became really normalized as a real strong minimization that means action arms or moodle knows. 218 00:39:00.360 --> 00:39:02.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: me be good to have any. 219 00:39:04.710 --> 00:39:07.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We could have a compound where the first the first. 220 00:39:09.750 --> 00:39:16.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Word would be any kind of the original letter say origin or semantic. 221 00:39:17.370 --> 00:39:32.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Part of the original event so here this turia her home, this is the object, or the or the mounting he is change, maybe doesn't mean killing overdog bug maybe rather dogmatic rubric is it is. 222 00:39:33.450 --> 00:39:47.790 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is a compound which is conceptualized as a whole, again, the OSHA hidden meow meow is the place where the killing that takes place and it can be the killing in the interest of temple but maybe it can also be a kind of. 223 00:39:48.210 --> 00:40:11.820 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Regular action this in sisters temple massacre and again being shot, I can I can imagine such a such a compound where the first first component of the compound is the original instrument, so in this setting can we have this this thing is no minimization where we have incorporation. 224 00:40:13.020 --> 00:40:26.550 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We have this basic economic killing or hunting and another another another word which forms a compound, we have to get with it so. 225 00:40:29.040 --> 00:40:45.990 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It can have any any any role, it can be in any cementing a relationship with the with the actual now, as you can see, and then one, I am not I haven't I haven't studied it yet. 226 00:40:47.400 --> 00:40:52.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: in any detail, but I asked myself, and I must asking myself what. 227 00:40:54.180 --> 00:41:05.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: What kind of constructions because Chinese allows us, I can imagine that we have, for example, one layer which is kingly can be hands, we can have this. 228 00:41:06.210 --> 00:41:25.530 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One Julia kings hunting better say so, this is the, this is the genitive of the subject genitive one is the subject of the of the origin overplay here is this object genitive some classical philology, of course, it. 229 00:41:26.580 --> 00:41:43.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This hunting overheads hunt hunt has, but these hairs are the patients or the hunting, so I can I can imagine very well these these constructions but then I am not quite i'm not i'm not sure. 230 00:41:45.990 --> 00:41:56.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which degree complex complexity complexity is allowed by classical Chinese whether we can have, for example, one pool, so this is that would mean her hands down by kings. 231 00:41:57.900 --> 00:42:10.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: or whether we can have to do one year, we can have this this kings hunting of over half, I think we cannot have these complex construction but 1111 must. 232 00:42:12.690 --> 00:42:15.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: must prove this by searching in. 233 00:42:16.530 --> 00:42:24.060 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: A corpus, because without that man cannot cannot say but one cannot tell so. 234 00:42:25.920 --> 00:42:27.150 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Another. 235 00:42:28.620 --> 00:42:29.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Another. 236 00:42:31.290 --> 00:42:38.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Part of this small theory is that of course it is not always always easy to tell whether. 237 00:42:39.210 --> 00:42:51.870 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The given thing this original verbiage only subordinated or it is really normalized and it is lexical I used as a noun, but we should put it in a dictionary is a noun to say. 238 00:42:52.230 --> 00:43:11.160 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But we have several criteria we can rely on but none of which is totally reliable but and combined I think it's it works really well, it is more 4G frequency lexical semantics and distribution properties, first of all, we have more for gene. 239 00:43:12.810 --> 00:43:20.550 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But for for the purposes of this particular study, it is not so useful because usually. 240 00:43:22.650 --> 00:43:30.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: they're the what is marked in classical Chinese by by a more FIM in classical Chinese. 241 00:43:31.410 --> 00:43:38.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Those other types of the mineralization agent normalization subject criminalization patient, and so you can see, for example, Chung hsing. 242 00:43:38.580 --> 00:43:48.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: to write and carry it, for example, so this is the instrument now let us say you have this one one you have to transmit and what is transmitted with this trend transmitted acumen. 243 00:43:49.500 --> 00:43:56.940 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Again, we have these instrumental minimization to import, you can see, you can see that usually does the suffix which turns. 244 00:43:59.010 --> 00:44:09.930 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: into nouns but not always this very complicated problem with a suffix but still, this is the most usual process in morphological processing classical Chinese we reconstruct. 245 00:44:12.630 --> 00:44:24.510 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And the same is true for example for adjectives non difficult and difficulty or per se, so it doesn't doesn't work, for example, for the real action nouns, but I can I can think. 246 00:44:25.110 --> 00:44:35.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: of at least one I use the here, I have been using here consistently all the time, and it is this seeing and seeing where religion is to act and. 247 00:44:36.240 --> 00:44:45.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: seeing his behavior and kind of acting so it is not a pure action noun, but it is at least more than norm is a kind of acting. 248 00:44:45.960 --> 00:44:59.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And then, for example, for some for some adjectives there are readings at the state in medieval sources that show that in the, at least in the medieval period these those adjectives. 249 00:45:00.690 --> 00:45:07.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: could have been pronounced differently in different functions, for example, he had this shun which. 250 00:45:08.460 --> 00:45:19.560 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Has not retained the reading section which comes from this film and slums should be shun shun in the fourth on but this pronunciation is not at a state. 251 00:45:19.980 --> 00:45:31.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: anymore here on unlike scene, which is traditionally used in reading classical Chinese, but we know that this this process, maybe was could have might have been might have been. 252 00:45:33.660 --> 00:45:42.720 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: quite common in classical Chinese we don't know because we don't have sources enough, but still depth could have been pronounced like thumbs discussion. 253 00:45:43.920 --> 00:45:49.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And then we have a different process, but this is the opposite direction, I would say that we have this. 254 00:45:51.030 --> 00:46:05.160 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This one which is not available, but the noun and we had this morphological process of turning this into into a verb so we can just notice this this kind of thing that it really happens. 255 00:46:05.610 --> 00:46:24.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That this is king and to become the trucking and only only rarely it means just to but almost always it means to become the true King so, at least, we can see that there was obviously there was some kind of still at least. 256 00:46:27.180 --> 00:46:39.750 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Let us a productive morphological processes, maybe it was only the this a suffix that was that was productive in the warring states period and all the other prefixes and suffixes were already dead. 257 00:46:40.680 --> 00:46:48.330 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And i'm productive and just retention from from proper Chinese period, a period or disable this. 258 00:46:49.410 --> 00:47:01.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: function, so it can be used to distinguish this subordination from real normalization that i'll say there are of course very complicated cases here, for example, we can. 259 00:47:02.340 --> 00:47:07.530 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can see or, for example, that this this can work in. 260 00:47:08.940 --> 00:47:15.840 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This can be done in some kind of cycles various do to understand and then we have two words that are red do. 261 00:47:17.160 --> 00:47:23.550 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: reconstructed a stress for for the classical period, and so it the. 262 00:47:24.870 --> 00:47:47.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The chain of the chain of variation might have been to understand to be intelligent and intelligence and there is no morphological difference between distinction between intelligent intelligent intelligent, but maybe maybe more logical would be this to understand to there i've known. 263 00:47:48.180 --> 00:48:01.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Intelligence from is and then you have we would have another round of in this case virtualization to be intelligent, so of course there's a very complicated method is. 264 00:48:02.310 --> 00:48:16.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Ancient Chinese morphology but one should take it into consideration, because we know that I think one is have blind would say, because the characters of course our new way of writing those words and we really. 265 00:48:17.790 --> 00:48:23.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We really should appreciate the language was not so isolating and. 266 00:48:24.450 --> 00:48:32.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Rigid one is it a piece from the modern way over how those classical Chinese texts are read traditionally. 267 00:48:34.740 --> 00:48:52.710 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I have some some I explained this, these are the criteria here are very briefly just frequency, I say that that if a deliverable noun or something that maybe somebody subordinated verb already already are real noun well entrenched. 268 00:48:54.030 --> 00:48:54.870 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: lexical is. 269 00:48:56.250 --> 00:48:56.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: listed. 270 00:48:58.290 --> 00:49:07.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: noun that can configure a figure feature in a dictionary so that usually that usually it is frequently enough in the external corpus. 271 00:49:08.790 --> 00:49:28.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It signals that it is very public civilized, but of course it is very relative and subjective and, of course, it can be applied to only a small part of expression on the scrutiny, because many verbs I just did, for example, five times or 10 times in. 272 00:49:29.130 --> 00:49:38.820 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In the extent texts and that that cannot be used this kind of statistics to prove anything, whether it is a verb or a noun so it can be. 273 00:49:39.510 --> 00:49:48.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: applied only on those most frequent nouns verbs per se and you have this criterion of lexical semantics because traditionally. 274 00:49:49.170 --> 00:50:05.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Even more vertical productivity exhibits a semantic aberration that is not perfectly transparent, it can be computed on the basis of syntactic productive Bruce it is usually deemed a winner to have information type so of course if if if syntax and. 275 00:50:06.570 --> 00:50:09.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Does not is not enough to. 276 00:50:12.120 --> 00:50:20.490 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Our knowledge of syntax is not enough to interpret in expression, and we, and there are other layers of meaning. 277 00:50:21.240 --> 00:50:31.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which which is Convention and always present So this is the kind of expression, if we simply have to learn by hearts that meaning, we cannot rely only on syntax or. 278 00:50:31.470 --> 00:50:43.590 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And, very often, this is, I think, for example, that even this difference in English and it's real nouns nouns are not the same, for example, that is. 279 00:50:44.010 --> 00:50:56.280 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That always the real noun is something more more highly more conceptualized and there are other meanings that are not present in the jira embracing is simply. 280 00:50:56.700 --> 00:51:16.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Let us, it is simply and purely the process of racing but races this something that is some beginning some end some typical features horses, for example, we can imagine the whole scenario horse races, and so it is already something that we are used to think about that's why. 281 00:51:18.600 --> 00:51:28.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It was it was no mineralized and why why it was going in fact the sign the sort of the same thing is, for example, loving and love, of course. 282 00:51:28.440 --> 00:51:37.350 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is very close, but it is not the same money's the very process of ordering the love is a kind of material for us that we can measure and that. 283 00:51:38.040 --> 00:51:50.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There are many other meanings associated with that culture ones, and so on, so it is already conceptual is the kind of thing or material, the same as that education is is not only teaching so. 284 00:51:52.020 --> 00:51:57.870 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So this is, these are distinctions that should be should be heated. 285 00:51:59.100 --> 00:52:07.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I even told you last time that I don't like those people telling that, for example, love is the non love is not. 286 00:52:08.520 --> 00:52:24.780 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: cannot be that we cannot use the semantic semantic analysis analysis to prove that something is a variable something something is unknown because love is a known but it denotes a person, but this is the mistake that love is a noun does not not. 287 00:52:26.040 --> 00:52:34.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: does not know the process, but it is thing that has these processes is conceptual basis, but it is not the. 288 00:52:35.010 --> 00:52:48.060 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: process, it is a thing for us that very abstract thing, but still, it is a thing, this is the same this teaching and education and producing and production is are simply different words with with different distribution, the different. 289 00:52:49.500 --> 00:53:03.060 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Accordingly, in different contexts and locations and so on, so it is not the same, then we have distribution and profit is because once something is well entrenched as a noun so it behaves as a noun, for example, so it is often. 290 00:53:04.050 --> 00:53:09.960 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It often, for example, twice and attributes and so on, so, for example. 291 00:53:11.160 --> 00:53:24.750 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: say, for example, you're seeing, which is already clearly lexical eyes on the basis of the criteria are for 4G because we don't always sing, so it is a piece a piece 366 times. 292 00:53:25.830 --> 00:53:34.860 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In more than 100 compounds of this kind, so we have like kind of words like seeing examples for this. 293 00:53:35.190 --> 00:53:48.120 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: virtuous virtuous behavior and so in some sense, once the this this particular word appears as a nominal heads in a compound so one can presume that it is. 294 00:53:48.690 --> 00:54:01.260 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: quite good now, on the other hand, those verbs that do not that are not mineralized in this in this conventional manner manner, they they still. 295 00:54:03.210 --> 00:54:27.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: has had not become regular announced, so they usually do not do not show this this special kind of behavior so these all these criteria can can all be employed to to assess the degree of lexical ization and impedes but to decide whether this kind of a case of subordination of normalization. 296 00:54:30.000 --> 00:54:33.900 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And here I have yeah I have this. 297 00:54:34.980 --> 00:54:43.560 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I can show you what I intend to do and i'll try to do for some for some words in a given us into. 298 00:54:44.760 --> 00:54:46.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: tech corpus of classical Chinese. 299 00:54:47.880 --> 00:55:05.610 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: that one can think of verbs that might be actually might have been minimized and to look for these characters but we don't know middle part of speech labels, so we can search for for the character seem. 300 00:55:07.380 --> 00:55:19.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: worth seeing but in its nominal nominal function so and then we of course we, we will have to sort out various problematic. 301 00:55:21.240 --> 00:55:26.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: concurrent is, for example, instances within nominal expression before they work because. 302 00:55:28.920 --> 00:55:37.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In this case, is, I will I I intend to root for the snow mineralized and realize verb and it's it's. 303 00:55:39.870 --> 00:55:52.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: it's agent or patient or instrument coded as its genitive before, but then I I will have to sort out instantly with no, no, so this is. 304 00:55:53.730 --> 00:56:02.520 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Sorry, so I will look, for instance, is within normal expression before they don't realize work, but I will have to discuss cases with pronouncing his position because. 305 00:56:03.870 --> 00:56:09.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is this is problematic, for example, we will we will get. 306 00:56:10.230 --> 00:56:21.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We will get things law I should sing this this kind of behavior, for example, and we don't want to get such quotations. 307 00:56:22.320 --> 00:56:31.440 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And we can search for instances with drew before the normalized rebel is kind of one group want to sing behavior of the king. 308 00:56:31.890 --> 00:56:43.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But in that case, we will have to so that only cases with a non before that the jury and not other parts of speech, and so on, and then we have to manually process, the results which simply is. 309 00:56:47.670 --> 00:57:08.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I don't know if any of any corporate corporate of classical Chinese that would allow us to do this automatically, as I told you last time this is the best thing I think we have, but it is only for four parts of speech for, for instance for. 310 00:57:10.170 --> 00:57:11.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For syntactic roles. 311 00:57:12.690 --> 00:57:14.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So I will show you. 312 00:57:15.840 --> 00:57:16.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The process. 313 00:57:19.110 --> 00:57:19.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is a chemical. 314 00:57:22.770 --> 00:57:25.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: scopus of academia sneaker. 315 00:57:26.790 --> 00:57:30.150 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Julian Julian shampoo honey ability your cool. 316 00:57:31.260 --> 00:57:34.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: He has his own when an angry, but it doesn't function. 317 00:57:35.310 --> 00:57:36.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For many years. 318 00:57:38.130 --> 00:58:01.860 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And here, for example, you can you can choose the texts from the corpus I usually work only with real classic real real warring states, of course, it is a problem is very difficult to say what is real authentic warring States takes but usually I take, for example the one we want moves. 319 00:58:03.180 --> 00:58:04.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: me. 320 00:58:05.220 --> 00:58:24.990 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Sometimes jumbled so, although it is appropriate his country controversial thing shins aids research insurance chanting foo and then maybe and maybe once a letter, say, because these are pre classical or problem or the other, or hum hum time texts. 321 00:58:26.610 --> 00:58:27.510 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: or very. 322 00:58:28.770 --> 00:58:41.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: very problematic sticks to logically, so we can we can look, for example, for this for this scene or sha we can stop shop for example. 323 00:58:42.750 --> 00:58:43.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: With. 324 00:58:45.240 --> 00:58:51.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: With nominal nominal properties and let us, let us look how many shots. 325 00:58:52.710 --> 00:58:53.910 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can find here. 326 00:58:55.440 --> 00:59:00.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So we have 47 here, and then, of course. 327 00:59:03.060 --> 00:59:07.020 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We get various there is strange things here. 328 00:59:08.220 --> 00:59:14.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But we can solve them salt this case is all, for example, we can say that we are, we want to. 329 00:59:15.240 --> 00:59:17.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: have cases where. 330 00:59:19.080 --> 00:59:27.600 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There is, there is a known before this particular word see seeing behaviors so you're this. 331 00:59:31.950 --> 00:59:41.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This be there be any words which is, which is a noun to the one one word left to the diverting so. 332 00:59:44.070 --> 00:59:54.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is minus one minus one includes the first words to the left of the the expression, the original expression of being for. 333 00:59:58.170 --> 01:00:07.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So, this would be another step and we get only these ones only with with with. 334 01:00:09.000 --> 01:00:09.930 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The pronoun. 335 01:00:14.970 --> 01:00:27.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, we can see if we hope we don't have to sort out the cases without prolonged because there are there are not so many examples here, you can see that. 336 01:00:29.790 --> 01:00:36.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Here, for example, we have this facie earlier too shy as or to to enjoy. 337 01:00:37.830 --> 01:00:45.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: His he's killing, so we would have to look at the text into the context, whether this is this is subject. 338 01:00:46.020 --> 01:00:53.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Subject or the origin subject or object object of other killing, for instance, what is the way how to get to the. 339 01:00:53.730 --> 01:01:12.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Very many examples of what we are looking for simply to those are normalized work with its with its agent or patient instrument to the left coded as in genitive goes, we can try, for example, or another search where here will have the word drew. 340 01:01:18.330 --> 01:01:18.660 Now. 341 01:01:19.830 --> 01:01:20.880 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So this is the. 342 01:01:22.080 --> 01:01:24.360 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One one character to the Left will be drew. 343 01:01:26.700 --> 01:01:28.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Oh, so there are there are. 344 01:01:29.760 --> 01:01:37.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: No such examples we can try, for example, that will be better we can try for this this ubiquitous seeing. 345 01:01:39.450 --> 01:01:39.840 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Which. 346 01:01:42.060 --> 01:01:53.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: is more interesting because this already it is 1000 already almost 2000 cases all this and then we can. 347 01:01:54.510 --> 01:01:55.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: sort out. 348 01:01:57.600 --> 01:01:59.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It says, where there is a. 349 01:02:01.440 --> 01:02:05.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: You have this word, true to the left. 350 01:02:12.690 --> 01:02:18.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So already the first case, but is the shampoo I don't know because I did not take. 351 01:02:20.100 --> 01:02:21.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The call so. 352 01:02:23.370 --> 01:02:27.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It doesn't matter now, but you can see, already readjusting So this is the. 353 01:02:28.830 --> 01:02:32.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Literally the walk So this is the movements of. 354 01:02:33.510 --> 01:02:36.120 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The sun and the moon, and it means, this is the. 355 01:02:37.260 --> 01:02:45.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This agent agent reading and and swan song about, we can, of course, can have, for example, the juicing would mean. 356 01:02:46.080 --> 01:02:56.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The connecting of virtual and that would be objecting and so on, as I told you this another step would be to sort out cases where here we have an arm. 357 01:02:57.150 --> 01:03:09.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Because we are looking for other subjects or agents or patience or instruments or places here in this position that are coded as attributes to the variable known, so we can. 358 01:03:10.500 --> 01:03:11.640 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can say that. 359 01:03:12.660 --> 01:03:15.000 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: You look for a name that we. 360 01:03:17.610 --> 01:03:23.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Looked only four cases where there is a noun here the disposition minus two. 361 01:03:24.780 --> 01:03:25.710 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: minus two. 362 01:03:28.140 --> 01:03:42.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And are we will have less less work manual work with this, let us try to so you have only 390 cases were here this sing or sing in any case. 363 01:03:42.870 --> 01:03:55.260 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: text as an hour as a noun here in scopus with Joe before it, and with a with a known before it, for example, and in this list we already can. 364 01:03:55.710 --> 01:04:03.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can already process process it quite systematically and to categorize those cases very here this. 365 01:04:04.170 --> 01:04:20.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Subject initiatives opportunities instrumentation Defense on there are so many genetics in pls in the system, there are maybe 20 2020 kinds of generative and maybe five fold them by to natives before a variable known as well. 366 01:04:21.120 --> 01:04:32.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Was this, for example, that or just start, are you seeing, yes it is different from very religious in or seeing rather here is this two kinds of seeing. 367 01:04:32.490 --> 01:04:48.990 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One is movement and one is the behavior and one is read seeing and the other spread seeing traditionally and thought or just seeing it is the start or is a trillion leprosy patient patient or these objects Derek just of seeing because we walk. 368 01:04:51.450 --> 01:04:52.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We walk. 369 01:04:54.840 --> 01:05:00.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: away seeing all these So these are good. 370 01:05:04.980 --> 01:05:19.650 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: so nice to this is a nice tool to to loop systematically for for the possibilities which Pacific Chinese has to go to different different origin participant that event now expressed by. 371 01:05:20.760 --> 01:05:38.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: By a nominal up or the nominal verb so you can we can you can try to determine whether there is this parties reduction reduction of participants, which is evident, because classical Chinese does not like to genetics likes y'all by. 372 01:05:39.870 --> 01:05:51.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I don't know what does a sales sales manager just seen that will be, for example, that it would mean that this is the inactive interacting of. 373 01:05:52.380 --> 01:06:06.690 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: of virtual by helio some so it's looks up absurd and, of course, I will try to prove this one by searching in in corporate, but I think it is out that's my experience. 374 01:06:08.820 --> 01:06:16.950 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Well let's let's go back to the to the hangout we are coming to the to the end of my talk. 375 01:06:19.980 --> 01:06:20.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: one. 376 01:06:23.430 --> 01:06:25.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So, in the end I. 377 01:06:26.670 --> 01:06:34.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In the end, I have come to the conclusion that there are four for English it may be eight degrees organization, but for. 378 01:06:35.550 --> 01:06:44.670 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: gossipy Chinese three three degrees for webs will do the first one is no normalization at all, so it is this balanced work. 379 01:06:45.330 --> 01:07:00.150 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And then we have this subordination, and in the end we have this normalization for adjectives is only to infect one to two levels of normalization and I tried to here we have this possibly this. 380 01:07:01.050 --> 01:07:10.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: If he translated text, so we should be aware of these possibilities that systematically Leah can mean that they hunt hunt that they hung hunting and hunger is a noun. 381 01:07:11.040 --> 01:07:22.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And not hunting one or hunter because this this happens, only in individual lexical lexical cases, but it is not a grammatical rule but word formation, who would say. 382 01:07:22.950 --> 01:07:34.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The same as we hunted one usually it cannot mean hunted one but for some some verbs it it works, because it happened in some way, the same as with other with other words as well. 383 01:07:36.360 --> 01:07:44.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For IBM that they love loving and love is so very common but for adjectives it is different because. 384 01:07:45.120 --> 01:07:57.720 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: systematically they can mean they can mean they are, he said, they are so that being said, but also, it can be an annotation of the properties, so it means sadness, but systematically it can be normalized. 385 01:07:58.470 --> 01:08:08.490 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: As an innovation or the object that carries this properties, so you said one it is moment, it is a normal process in classical Chinese so. 386 01:08:09.000 --> 01:08:16.170 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: You can see also that this is the another distinction between verbs adjectives and considered Chinese so that's why I think these are two weight classes. 387 01:08:16.620 --> 01:08:28.080 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Although they are very, very similar and close to each other, but still there are they represent two distinct distinct with classes also so is another. 388 01:08:28.890 --> 01:08:46.290 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Nice proof in this, then I then I then one can take, for example as simple as just the very beginning of sensor and to apply this kind of try to apply this kind of analysis on this, and this is what i'm going to go i'm not going to go through its. 389 01:08:47.340 --> 01:08:50.760 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: sentence by sentence, but you can see that we have. 390 01:08:51.810 --> 01:08:53.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This bolt bolt type. 391 01:08:54.600 --> 01:09:02.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: saw those cases that I think that are either subordinated or normalized and this verb which can be which can be. 392 01:09:05.490 --> 01:09:15.630 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, this year, for example, we can see if you study you cannot you cannot you can never start with it, so that would be a bit untraditional. 393 01:09:16.800 --> 01:09:24.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: i'm traditional reading, but still, it is valuable, but usually it is taking us really the last stage of mineralization overlaps. 394 01:09:25.050 --> 01:09:44.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: As a real known studies not studying, but further studies, with its own particular process and the Association, and so it is not just studying but release one studies systematic studies and so on, so I try I try to. 395 01:09:45.810 --> 01:10:05.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: illustrate on this piece of text all these possibilities and how various degrees of internationalization work and that they are ubiquitous one can take just the beginning the classical texts and to show how how the Holy work. 396 01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:12.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So, so this is, this is my this would be my last word, I would say. 397 01:10:14.970 --> 01:10:28.950 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Part of the talk, but I have some some answers to those questions from last time so maybe I can directly start with with answering those fiction is, if you don't mind or the organization organizes to mine. 398 01:10:30.180 --> 01:10:31.020 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For instance. 399 01:10:32.400 --> 01:10:36.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I am here this my explicit by explicit. 400 01:10:37.500 --> 01:10:40.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: treatment of those of that one sentence that. 401 01:10:41.760 --> 01:10:44.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Someone someone asked about this one's. 402 01:10:45.450 --> 01:10:48.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For you how it can be, it can be. 403 01:10:49.440 --> 01:11:04.290 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: analyzed analyze so we have this full day to do with he will play where force, this is subject, and this is object over time something depends on something or consists consists in. 404 01:11:06.210 --> 01:11:11.820 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But both subject and the object of the local Thai. 405 01:11:12.900 --> 01:11:18.150 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is no mineralized normalized to to certain degree, here it is food is this. 406 01:11:20.670 --> 01:11:21.240 This. 407 01:11:22.380 --> 01:11:35.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Property normalization which year food does not mean rich one but richness, the fact that someone is rich, so it is a noun derived from adjective and it is a systematic process, I would say. 408 01:11:36.480 --> 01:11:52.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The object of the day is Judo which is better say subordinated, it is not maybe a real real real known jitsu, but it is subordinated and it consists of a verb and. 409 01:11:53.580 --> 01:12:04.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And then object, but again to do to mean what is enough or or enough or or sufficiency, let us say. 410 01:12:04.980 --> 01:12:27.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It depends, how we translate it and how we interpret it, but in a case it is, it is no mineralized this adjectives to be sufficient, but here it is to know what what is sufficiency or yes, with a sufficient or the same is then to have this way died shortly way this nobility. 411 01:12:29.040 --> 01:12:30.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: assist in. 412 01:12:32.040 --> 01:12:42.510 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Trying to retire with a say and again this short way is object, so it is with us a subordinate It is this kind of weak immunization and. 413 01:12:43.560 --> 01:12:50.010 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Then this Joe is the verb and it's oblivious to play, which is in a sudden. 414 01:12:50.460 --> 01:13:05.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: We can say that his retirement of retiring so this it depends, I would say it is rather subordination or week mineralization rather than than real noun at least that's my impression, but still, and you can see that. 415 01:13:07.320 --> 01:13:12.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In fact, one can prove that these words are. 416 01:13:13.500 --> 01:13:23.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Just the level of the normalization is intermediate and not episode one is that you can you can think of inserting this trend boo here this. 417 01:13:23.700 --> 01:13:34.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is a marker of subordination, but not necessarily have no minimization depends, how you what you call immunizations the problem I had to decide, I discussed many times with. 418 01:13:34.950 --> 01:13:43.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: crystal hops Maya because for pls practically there are only two degrees either it is variable or this new middle of go deep and. 419 01:13:44.910 --> 01:13:48.300 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is not easy to use it to. 420 01:13:51.840 --> 01:14:04.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: to analyze those texts if, in case in that case that one things that there are more than one degrees of normalization, then this is the problem, usually the system. 421 01:14:06.240 --> 01:14:14.100 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: pushes wanting to the position so, is it a verbal is it a noun but they sound, they should be something in between, so he can you see that. 422 01:14:15.180 --> 01:14:24.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: You can you can enter the true here example people richness, let us say, but at the same, and you can do it. 423 01:14:25.890 --> 01:14:38.280 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Here as well as people's richness consist in people's knowing what is enough, but on the other hand, one can easily insert a pool here the. 424 01:14:38.760 --> 01:14:51.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Not being rich of people is because of the people, not understanding what is enough or what is not enough, so at the same time, you can see that it's still retain some verbal properties and that way it is. 425 01:14:51.990 --> 01:14:58.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Some intermediate and trill know mineralization in the strongest ones, because you can you can use the. 426 01:14:59.070 --> 01:15:08.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Negative adverb here poo and it means that it cannot be a real now what that following whatever it cannot be a real known because you can you cannot do this with. 427 01:15:08.880 --> 01:15:16.140 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: With Ariel now, so it is another, of course, another test of real not normalization or let me know, let me know and that's. 428 01:15:17.100 --> 01:15:30.000 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The problem is the problem is that we have expressions which Alex well well entrenched and lexical is really school functioning as a kind of prefix so, for example, is pusan. 429 01:15:31.170 --> 01:15:32.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: In auspicious. 430 01:15:33.510 --> 01:15:53.850 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Yes, and I think it is a quite nice known, but it is internally, it has this structure of a negative and origins of an objective, but as a whole, it is you know species, you know spaciousness The same is true of poonam which means in comfort in capability incompetent once. 431 01:15:55.170 --> 01:16:04.950 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Again this is real normalization those independent people, but the word consists of a proof negative prefix pool and. 432 01:16:05.730 --> 01:16:25.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is core originally objective of course So who is not always does not always mean that the word after after it is necessarily a noun but almost always, it is a noun so so that is for this case, I can show you what what. 433 01:16:26.550 --> 01:16:31.620 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: pls swimming so this this expression pool, this is. 434 01:16:34.290 --> 01:16:48.540 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, it is under the the the synonym group or concept dissatisfied insufficient and poor, but these these meanings in effect overlap and sometimes to versus. 435 01:16:51.360 --> 01:16:52.200 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Does not mind. 436 01:16:53.490 --> 01:17:01.290 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Being in this sense, and you can see, this is a psychological this is this is categorized as a complex. 437 01:17:02.310 --> 01:17:06.720 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: expression is a compound psychological component feeling of the city. 438 01:17:07.980 --> 01:17:14.280 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The satisfaction again here we have is a compound so not to worry about compound. 439 01:17:15.390 --> 01:17:22.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The abstract known feature in sufficiency and here it is in fact it is categorized very. 440 01:17:23.700 --> 01:17:32.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Precisely that is nominal the phrase was a compound in this case, those were sort of means for living a production, but this compound is still explained as. 441 01:17:33.000 --> 01:17:46.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: orange generally negative and then an adjective or Ruby here in pls and that all it is all this refers to some known some. 442 01:17:46.590 --> 01:17:59.010 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: people, the people who are short means for living and it is paralyzed usually so this is a very precise precise Labor for this compound, but you can see that in pls. 443 01:18:00.930 --> 01:18:05.730 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: acknowledges that will do is one expression and not Enzo that. 444 01:18:07.080 --> 01:18:12.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So maybe we could take as one hour in that that analysis analysis before. 445 01:18:14.730 --> 01:18:18.270 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The direct questions about the applicability of this. 446 01:18:19.560 --> 01:18:20.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This teaching. 447 01:18:22.200 --> 01:18:33.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: To problems in translation, I I still don't have a good don't don't don't have a good answer to this because knows. 448 01:18:33.960 --> 01:18:43.560 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: linguistics the goals of linguistics generic are simply not easily matched with problems in translation, so if you ask the generative the Marion why. 449 01:18:44.070 --> 01:18:55.830 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: How how how could you use this genetic grammar for translational particles taxi would be surprised by the question but still I can repeat the one thing that. 450 01:18:57.330 --> 01:19:02.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: All these parts of our knowledge of classical Chinese government form. 451 01:19:03.930 --> 01:19:07.260 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: constitute our competency that language and. 452 01:19:12.150 --> 01:19:17.700 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The better our our knowledge and competence is, the better we translate, of course. 453 01:19:19.410 --> 01:19:25.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I I do one in here, we can, for example, say how we can. 454 01:19:27.630 --> 01:19:38.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: apply this this competence in one sentence, I took from again from mother child made no made notes on where we have. 455 01:19:40.320 --> 01:19:44.400 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: At least five layers or full layers of normalization. 456 01:19:46.020 --> 01:19:48.990 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: That we had this subject and. 457 01:19:50.550 --> 01:19:54.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Subject verb object and that object is this complement. 458 01:19:55.710 --> 01:20:02.220 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Lucy This applies to or this speaks about some kind of fact and the fact is expressed by. 459 01:20:02.970 --> 01:20:14.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: By a subordinate construction, not necessarily mineralized We say this is a this kind of weekend mineralization, this is the the fact that something happens, and this is shown by this. 460 01:20:15.570 --> 01:20:27.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: marker of dependent construction with this subject, then object sorry verb and it's object with this variable or causal again. 461 01:20:28.500 --> 01:20:34.770 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And this objection is actually this mineralized adjective it's not. 462 01:20:38.010 --> 01:20:52.110 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: The sage about the shamans this is perfectly wise and to be perfectly wise and shun here, it means cause those people that are perfectly wise, so this is one piece of the competence which. 463 01:20:52.800 --> 01:21:12.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: is related to do subordination university and so, then we have this the fact that was this one's do not fail in something again we have this kind of subordination is not no no phrasing, but it is a it is slightly mineralized again. 464 01:21:13.410 --> 01:21:23.490 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So the wisest ones do fail in making the policy of this is this he region is the framework, and this is the object the. 465 01:21:24.540 --> 01:21:35.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: CN and Shannon is the object of the preposition of he so again if it is a, it is an object of the preposition, so it is, it must be a peek at least weekly mineralized chauncey and. 466 01:21:37.140 --> 01:21:48.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So it is the process process or shining sea and shaman, so this is showing respect to the competent ones and employing the evil ones, and again this year and then. 467 01:21:49.320 --> 01:22:00.510 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: systematically normalized adjectives which then in the beverage the properties or it is not to be competent once Yun and to be able bodied competent wants and needs a new one, so. 468 01:22:00.990 --> 01:22:11.520 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This is one example of how it relates somehow still translating, so I think simply when it's not perplex when when when see such intense also. 469 01:22:12.150 --> 01:22:24.900 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: If I when I go back to this to this to this list, I really think that one one should know what what is usually possible in that particular image and what is not possible it's not possible in that. 470 01:22:25.500 --> 01:22:36.210 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: language, and only then one can choose between those remaining alternatives so of course sometimes sometimes it can happen that that one. 471 01:22:36.630 --> 01:22:47.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: comes across one of these lexical as individual cases, but that one one has dictionaries and one has one has commentaries and so on, so, but this is really not. 472 01:22:48.780 --> 01:22:53.610 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: So either one knows it from dictionary is a kind of lexical knowledge. 473 01:22:55.590 --> 01:22:56.670 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But one cannot. 474 01:22:57.780 --> 01:23:10.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: What one shouldn't one shouldn't disregard that there are only there is a limited scope of possibilities, so I don't know who who said does that matter, I think it was it was Graham. 475 01:23:11.550 --> 01:23:29.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: said that there is a there's Of course many, many possibilities, how to how to translate a sentence sentence, but there are infinite there is an infinite number of possibilities, how to translate it in a bad way in a good way in a. 476 01:23:30.210 --> 01:23:40.680 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: correct way, so there are usually have several possibilities, how to translate them there are ambiguous, maybe three or five possibilities, but they are not any less. 477 01:23:41.460 --> 01:23:50.940 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: But if you do not do not have this confidence and to you are not clear about rumor of classical Chinese then of course you have. 478 01:23:52.260 --> 01:23:57.900 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: endless number of possibilities, because you can you can feel awaited one way or the. 479 01:23:59.130 --> 01:23:59.430 Other. 480 01:24:01.620 --> 01:24:04.890 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Yes, so this is this is. 481 01:24:06.030 --> 01:24:29.970 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: This particular question, then, there was a question about to as that you have to sign in that's true but, if you are interested in this regime of will get a login and who cannot so, then you will have to consult either crystal have SMA or potential or whatever else. 482 01:24:32.340 --> 01:24:49.800 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: takes care of pls and running I think crystal have smell Tristan will return witan should be conducted I don't have any insight into these matters, but that's true that some functions cannot cannot be can be used a few one is not. 483 01:24:50.910 --> 01:24:51.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Is not. 484 01:24:55.680 --> 01:24:56.250 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Science sign it. 485 01:24:57.960 --> 01:24:59.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There was a question about. 486 01:25:00.600 --> 01:25:03.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There was a question about introducing some. 487 01:25:05.940 --> 01:25:09.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Reference books and some for classical Chinese, I think. 488 01:25:10.500 --> 01:25:28.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I really wrote a 70 pages on this written the coo coo coo commented commented annotated bibliography for us for the bigger office online, so this is the base, this is the best place to go, I made a I made a. 489 01:25:31.320 --> 01:25:39.150 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I expected some basic things from the from the listener, but I think I don't we don't have time here for going one going. 490 01:25:41.520 --> 01:26:02.190 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Entry by entry and commented commenting on it so maybe if there are there are more concrete questions or I will gladly answer them, but I cannot introduce you know textbooks and reminisce and so on, so I can I can I can show you the the file I. 491 01:26:08.430 --> 01:26:09.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: it's what I can. 492 01:26:10.830 --> 01:26:14.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: What I can send Maya Maya that's. 493 01:26:15.750 --> 01:26:25.050 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: What, for example, I could recommend, but it would deserve some some commentary for my for my pattern is not time for that, but. 494 01:26:25.560 --> 01:26:36.180 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is you know works textbooks and one more Jamil Chinese for mogi mogi classical Chinese grammars and song is a very I can say, only one thing that is very. 495 01:26:36.750 --> 01:26:48.480 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Very strange that there is no real reference good real refrains grammar on classical Chinese in English, in English, there is, we don't have we have. 496 01:26:48.870 --> 01:26:59.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Four very important for including languages such as Latin and Greek and Sanskrit and Sonia very, very nice reference grammars very descriptive. 497 01:26:59.490 --> 01:27:08.430 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: fit remus but for classical Chinese, we do not have any any one, so it is a This, I think a raid mistake. 498 01:27:09.210 --> 01:27:25.320 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: And there are many problems connected related to this to this fact, so I heard the best one is what has come up the discussion disquisitions message, but it is in German, and this is published published electronically. 499 01:27:26.340 --> 01:27:26.790 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: and 500 01:27:28.170 --> 01:27:39.660 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For example, I like as a linguist not as a student, but this I like this months and best chromatic this emptiness mission which is sophisticated this. 501 01:27:40.680 --> 01:27:54.360 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: course, it is where I can see the influence of unity room, which are very small lights, but still I think is very, very nice, but it is mainly, it is a part of the textbook to Williams. 502 01:27:55.800 --> 01:28:12.240 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Thanks textbooks and there is a grammar as the third volume is promoting this condition condition and so on, so there are, so this is a real problem that there is no more friends grammar of classical Chinese as far as I know, and I mean very I wouldn't know. 503 01:28:14.310 --> 01:28:19.410 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: influence on so you can you can use this, but I really I can really say that. 504 01:28:20.790 --> 01:28:24.810 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Paragraph is what the problem is that I that I had to. 505 01:28:26.760 --> 01:28:36.570 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: limit myself to eight, I think, was eight entries in each paragraph and instead of some monographs I prefer to. 506 01:28:37.620 --> 01:28:45.930 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Do list articles there, because they are in some way representative so me, and I would this this this particle. 507 01:28:47.280 --> 01:28:48.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: shorten. 508 01:28:49.050 --> 01:28:56.370 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: abbreviated at least maybe it would work better than that 70 pages, is for any. 509 01:28:59.010 --> 01:29:10.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: are many, many strange domains like post-classical Chinese and Chinese fuji and we have workable inscriptions and some so thank you so thank you that's all. 510 01:29:11.730 --> 01:29:13.980 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: My part and I don't know whether. 511 01:29:15.810 --> 01:29:17.040 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: you're still some room. 512 01:29:18.720 --> 01:29:20.100 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For other questions. 513 01:29:21.240 --> 01:29:32.490 Bryce Heatherly: Yes, thank you and I yeah I do encourage everyone who has access to look at consults doctors to drop was annotated bibliography and Oxford which. 514 01:29:35.340 --> 01:29:47.520 Bryce Heatherly: is quite comprehensive, you need more specific questions, we do have one question in the chat already so I know we're at. 515 01:29:49.200 --> 01:29:55.680 Bryce Heatherly: 90 minutes, but you know if if people don't mind sticking around for a little bit longer we can ask a question. 516 01:29:56.820 --> 01:30:09.060 Bryce Heatherly: posed by Professors of handle and i'll read it now, he says suppose you have a deliverable noun and you cannot determine from the textual corpus, whether it is lexical eyes or not. 517 01:30:09.570 --> 01:30:19.860 Bryce Heatherly: If you had a time machine and access to native speakers are there any scent syntactic tests, you could use with the native speaker to determine the degree of lexical lexical ization. 518 01:30:24.810 --> 01:30:28.470 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: yeah printing things for this for this question. 519 01:30:29.940 --> 01:30:30.930 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Yes, it is a. 520 01:30:32.880 --> 01:30:33.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: question. 521 01:30:36.720 --> 01:30:40.590 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I think one one could do this because one, in fact. 522 01:30:41.820 --> 01:30:53.130 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Does this for modern Chinese as well for this industry to languages, let us say it is loose two stages of the language but maybe two languages is right as well. 523 01:30:55.110 --> 01:30:57.090 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Somewhat somewhat different or. 524 01:30:59.370 --> 01:31:11.670 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: More force index opposite Chinese Mandarin Chinese have many, many differences but still and, for example, this problems with asserting what class affiliation of all the words is. 525 01:31:12.810 --> 01:31:14.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Much less. 526 01:31:16.560 --> 01:31:35.340 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: It is, it is not so difficult for modern Chinese because the problem this word class flexibility is it's not so serious here, but still we have many problems, we would classes and I would do the same, what, for example, query and you and you did for modern Chinese, so we have. 527 01:31:37.260 --> 01:31:52.530 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: There are so many so many tests with these points, plus points and minus buttons and compute whether that particular word is rather noun rather Bourbon songs I think in general it's it would be. 528 01:31:53.100 --> 01:32:03.450 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: possible because I believe this objectively existing what what causes and one could one could try various constructions, for example, I think. 529 01:32:04.980 --> 01:32:06.030 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: yeah so. 530 01:32:07.410 --> 01:32:09.960 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: I think it would be possible, but. 531 01:32:12.090 --> 01:32:29.280 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: including of course you can you can try, the first thing is, you know you can try, for example, it's negative or adverbs, and so it is not 100% reliable, but still one combine several several such specs tests, maybe one one can. 532 01:32:32.790 --> 01:32:35.820 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One can one can say roughly. 533 01:32:37.710 --> 01:32:41.670 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: One doesn't see it doesn't want to see our fleet, but to precisely didn't still. 534 01:32:43.710 --> 01:32:52.860 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: want one thing over complicated procedure and with these old distribution distribution tests, we are permanent change that's my view. 535 01:32:56.130 --> 01:33:01.830 Bryce Heatherly: Okay, great yes, Professor Kendall says, thank you in the chat um, so I think. 536 01:33:03.330 --> 01:33:15.600 Bryce Heatherly: If there are additional questions, maybe we can have participants direct them to us or Oh, I see madalena if you want to ask the last question before we wrap up yeah. 537 01:33:16.290 --> 01:33:23.460 Maddalena Poli: Yes, and actually if the answer is too long, we can we don't have to do that, but when you were giving the example of to be. 538 01:33:25.170 --> 01:33:28.860 Maddalena Poli: to know to be intelligent and intelligence, when you were. 539 01:33:28.860 --> 01:33:33.810 Maddalena Poli: Talking about how this about, you mentioned that you believe it's more likely that he went. 540 01:33:33.810 --> 01:33:34.560 Maddalena Poli: From to note. 541 01:33:34.980 --> 01:33:36.600 Maddalena Poli: To intelligence and and to be. 542 01:33:36.600 --> 01:33:37.470 Maddalena Poli: Intelligent right. 543 01:33:38.100 --> 01:33:46.650 Maddalena Poli: I was just know how you determine those scenarios when you have there you are presenting two scenarios and I think the second one is more likely, how do you determine that. 544 01:33:48.420 --> 01:34:14.460 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Just because of the usual functional the suffix that usually good maybe there were several several stages of this decline of morphology and various as suffixes and and so on, and prefixes and so on, but usually in most cases, a suffix turns other things into nouns so. 545 01:34:14.490 --> 01:34:16.230 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: President would have this drill. 546 01:34:16.290 --> 01:34:17.070 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: To understand that. 547 01:34:17.130 --> 01:34:36.750 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Some that something, something that is no minerals, or maybe his intelligence and only then we are to have an adjective because it is very uncommon to derive an adjective like Joe intelligent from from over by any any suffixes my uncle I cannot think of any such example now. 548 01:34:37.920 --> 01:34:39.960 Maddalena Poli: buddy Thank you you're welcome. 549 01:34:42.450 --> 01:34:47.310 Bryce Heatherly: Okay, great um in that case, maybe we can start to wrap up and. 550 01:34:48.630 --> 01:34:52.710 Bryce Heatherly: I invite everyone to join me in thanking Dr is a dropper for both of his lectures. 551 01:34:54.510 --> 01:34:58.830 Bryce Heatherly: And also, just to mention, if you want to keep up to date with the. 552 01:34:59.910 --> 01:35:08.310 Bryce Heatherly: psychology methods analogy lecture series which will continue next month, and also in the spring, you can follow them on Twitter or visit the website. 553 01:35:10.020 --> 01:35:20.070 Bryce Heatherly: And a quick word about next week's lecture topic will continue with historical linguistics with Dr jack who will be joining us to talk about historical phonology. 554 01:35:21.480 --> 01:35:21.930 Bryce Heatherly: and 555 01:35:21.990 --> 01:35:25.800 Bryce Heatherly: The methods and technology website already has some preparation materials for that. 556 01:35:26.430 --> 01:35:30.210 Bryce Heatherly: lecture So if you want to get a head start on homework. 557 01:35:30.270 --> 01:35:31.260 Bryce Heatherly: or preparation you. 558 01:35:33.630 --> 01:35:34.770 Bryce Heatherly: look like. 559 01:35:36.060 --> 01:35:37.140 Bryce Heatherly: Dean everyone. 560 01:35:37.170 --> 01:35:40.650 Bryce Heatherly: Then next week, and thanks again to Dr as a drop off. 561 01:35:41.550 --> 01:35:42.540 Maddalena Poli: Yes, thank you. 562 01:35:44.070 --> 01:35:47.790 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: Are would like to express my gratitude you for you, you staying with me. 563 01:35:49.230 --> 01:35:50.580 To listening to this. 564 01:35:52.950 --> 01:35:54.090 Maddalena Poli: was entirely selfish. 565 01:35:54.960 --> 01:35:55.500 Lukas.Zadrapa@ff.cuni.cz: For many. 566 01:35:58.830 --> 01:35:59.610 Bryce Heatherly: Thanks everyone. 567 01:36:00.390 --> 01:36:01.020 Maddalena Poli: Thank you.